초연결사회와 선교적 커뮤니케이션의 존재론적 전환 : 하나님의 자기소통과 메신저 중심 모델의 신학적 정립 = The Ontological Transformation of Missional Communication in a Hyper-Connected Society: Theological Formulation of God’s Self-Communication and Messenger-Centered Model

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구의 목적은 제4차 산업혁명과 포스트휴먼 담론으로 특징지어지는 초연결사회(Hyper-Connected Society)가 선교 커뮤니케이션의 본질과 방법론에 제기하는 신학적 과제를 규명하고, 이에 대응하는 새로운 선교적 커뮤니케이션(Missional Communication) 모델을 신학적으로 정립하는 데 있다. 초연결사회는 인간과 기술, 자연과 사이버 공간이 상호작용하며 관계의 구조와 의미 생성 방식을 근본적으로 변화시켰다. 이에 따라 선교 커뮤니케이션은 더 이상 정보의 이동이 아닌, 존재와 관계 속에서 드러나는 하나님의 자기소통(Self-Communication of God)으로 재해석될 필요가 있다.
본 연구는 다음의 세 가지 핵심 질문에 기초한다. 첫째, 급변하는 초연결사회 속에서 전통적 선교 커뮤니케이션 이론은 어떤 한계를 가지는가? 둘째, ‘전달’ 중심의 선교를 ‘참여’ 중심의 선교로 전환할 때 그 신학적 정당성은 무엇인가? 셋째, 초연결사회의 기술·문화적 특성과 부합하는 새로운 선교적 커뮤니케이션 모델은 어떠한 구조를 가져야 하는가?
이 질문에 답하기 위해 연구는 문헌연구(literature-based research) 방법론을 채택하였다. 선교학, 커뮤니케이션학, 디지털 문화철학, 사회이론의 주요 담론을 종합적으로 검토하고, 이를 통해 초연결사회의 철학적 구조(연결성, 개방성, 혼종성, 탈중앙성)와 그 신학적 함의를 분석하였다. 또한, 하나님의 선교(Missio Dei)와 선교적 교회론(Missional Church)을 토대로 커뮤니케이션의 존재론적 재구성을 시도하였다.
연구 결과, 기존의 송신자 중심 선형 커뮤니케이션 모델은 초연결적 네트워크 관계 속에서 복음의 상호성과 신뢰성을 충분히 설명하지 못함이 드러났다. 이러한 한계를 극복하기 위해 본 논문은 디지털 트랜스포메이션(DX), 공론장과의 소통, 아날로그 트랜스포메이션(AX), 하이브리드 선교, 메신저 중심 커뮤니케이션(Messenger-centered Communication)이라는 다섯 가지 선교적 대응 과제를 제시한다. 이 가운데 핵심 논지는 ‘메신저가 곧 메시지다(The Messenger is the Message)’라는 신학적 명제에 있다. 이는 매클루언(M. McLuhan)의 미디어 이론을 성육신적 신학(communitas incarnata)으로 재맥락화한 것으로, 메신저가 복음의 내용을 단순히 전달하는 존재가 아니라 복음을 존재로 구현하는 표징임을 밝힌다.
결론적으로 선교 커뮤니케이션을 방법론적 ‘전달’에서 존재론적 ‘참여’(ontological participation)로 전환시킴으로써, 기술 변화 속에서도 복음의 본질을 보존하는 성육신적 커뮤니케이션 신학의 방향을 제시한다. 아울러 복음주의와 에큐메니컬 양 진영이 수용 가능한 통합적 선교 커뮤니케이션 모델을 제안함으로써, 초연결사회 속 선교신학의 새로운 패러다임을 제시한다.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 감사의 글······················································································································ⅵ
• 국문초록························································································································ⅶ
• 약어································································································································ⅸ
• Ⅰ. 서 론······················································································································01
• A. 연구의 배경과 문제제기················································································01
• B. 연구목적과 질문······························································································04
• C. 연구 방법 및 범위··························································································07
• D. 선행연구 고찰··································································································09
• 1. 커뮤니케이션학 ························································································09
• 2. 선교 커뮤니케이션 ··················································································18
• 3. 미디어와 선교 ··························································································23
• 4. 초연결사회와 선교 커뮤니케이션 통합연구 ········································26
• E. 용어의 정의······································································································28
• 1. 4차산업혁명과 초연결사회 ·····································································28
• 2. 컴퓨터와 인간의 커뮤니케이션 ·····························································30
• 3. 뉴미디어와 커뮤니케이션 ·······································································32
• 4. 선교적 커뮤니케이션 ···············································································34
• Ⅱ. 전통적 선교 커뮤니케이션 이론의 고찰 ························································37
• A. 선교 커뮤니케이션의 개념적 기초 ·····························································38
• 1. 기독교 커뮤니케이션의 정의 ·································································39
• 2. 선교 커뮤니케이션의 발전 ·····································································42
• B. 역사적 전개와 커뮤니케이션 모델 유형·····················································43
• 1. 송신자 중심의 커뮤니케이션 ·································································43
• 2. 수용자 중심의 커뮤니케이션 ·································································50
• C. 전통적 커뮤니케이션 모델이 직면한 도전들·············································62
• 1. 선교지 환경의 변화 ················································································62
• 2. 선교 자원의 약화······················································································67
• 3. 다문화적 초연결 환경에서 복음 전달 패러다임의 실패····················70
• D. 소결론 ···········································································································74
• Ⅲ. 초연결사회의 철학적·문화적 구조 분석··························································76
• A. 뉴미디어 시대의 커뮤니케이션 환경 변화·················································77
• 1. 연결성··········································································································78
• 2. 개방성··········································································································82
• B. 포스트휴먼 시대의 존재론적 변화·······························································89
• 1. 트랜스휴머니즘과 포스트휴머니즘·························································90
• 2. 혼종성과 인간 정체성···············································································92
• C. 플랫폼 사회와 커뮤니케이션 권력의 변화·················································97
• 1. 플랫폼 생태계····························································································99
• 2. 가치 중립성 ····························································································103
• D. 블록체인의 탈중앙화 구조············································································107
• 1. 기술적 개요와 활용················································································108
• 2. 권위 분산과 소통 구조의 재편·····························································110
• E. 소결론 ·············································································································115
• Ⅳ. 초연결사회에 대한 선교 커뮤니케이션의 대응 과제 ································118
• A. 디지털 트랜스포메이션(DX) : 인코딩 ·····················································119
• 1. 디지털 선교시대 ····················································································122
• 2. 다원적 공론장과 커뮤니케이션 ···························································124
• B. 아날로그 트랜스포메이션(AX) : 디코딩 ·················································126
• 1. 공동체성 회복을 위한 커뮤니케이션 ·················································128
• 2. 인간 존엄의 회복과 복음의 인격적 소통 ·········································134
• C. 하이브리드(Hybrid) 선교 ········································································140
• D. 메신저 중심 선교 커뮤니케이션의 정교화: 전달에서 식별로 ········145
• E. 소결론: ········································································································150
• Ⅴ. 선교적 커뮤니케이션 모델의 존재론적 전환················································152
• A. 하나님의 선교(Missio Dei)와 커뮤니케이션 이해 ······························153
• 1. 송신자 하나님과 선교 메시지·······························································154
• 2. 하나님의 자기소통에 참여하는 메신저···············································157
• B. 선교적 교회론과 커뮤니케이션의 통합 ·················································163
• 1. 선교적 교회와 선교적 커뮤니케이션···················································164
• 2. 메신저가 메시지다: 정체성 기반 소통················································166
• C. 초연결사회를 위한 선교적 커뮤니케이션 모델 제안 ·························172
• 1. 종교체험 기반 디지털 커뮤니케이션 ·················································175
• 2. 창의적 접근지역을 위한 선교적 커뮤니케이션 모델 ······················180
• D. 교회와 선교사의 역할 재정의··································································183
• 1. 연결에서 소통으로··················································································184
• 2. 전달에서 공감으로··················································································186
• 3. 존재를 통한 복음의 구현 ····································································188
• E. 소결론: ········································································································190
• Ⅵ. 결 론····················································································································194
• A. 연구 요약·······································································································195
• B. 연구의 기여 및 제언 ··················································································196
• 1. 학문적 기여······························································································196
• 2. 실천적 시사점 ························································································ 198
• 3. 연구의 한계 ···························································································· 199
• 4. 후속 연구를 위한 제언 ········································································ 200
• 5. 맺음말 ······································································································ 201
• 참고문헌····················································································································· 202
• Abstract ···················································································································· 224