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      積算溫度에 의한 콘크리트의 强度 豫測 및 活用化 方案 = Prediction of Concrete Strength and Practical Application by the Maturity Method

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      https://www.riss.kr/link?id=T8430141

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      다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract) kakao i 다국어 번역

      The prediction of the early-stage strength of concrete is essential for modernized concrete construction as well as for the manufacturing of structural parts. Safe and economic scheduling of such crucial operations as form removal, application of post-tensioning or other mechanical treatment, and in-process transportation and rapid delivery of products should be based on a good grasp of the strength development of the concrete in use. Knowledge of the early-stage strength of concrete is very important especially when concreting has to be carried out in cold weather.
      The usual practice of monitoring in-place concrete strength using field-cured cylinder has been deemed improper by an increasing number of engineers due to the difficulty of insuring that the field cured cylinders experience the same curing history as the structural parts which they are supposed to represent.
      There are several methods for estimating the in-place strength of concrete. One of them is from the maturity concept which is based on the fact that concrete gains strength with time as a result of cement hydration. The strength of concrete is related to the degree of hydration of the cement in concrete, and the rate of hydration, as in any chemical reaction, depends primarily on the concrete temperature during hydration. Therefore, the strength of concrete is a function of its time-temperature history. That's why the term, "maturity" is used to represent it.
      A maturity function accounts for the combined effects of time and temperature on the strength development of a cementirious mixture. Its key feature is how temperature affects the rate of strength development. There are two assumptions in a widely-used maturity method: one is that the rate of strength development is a linear function of temperature, and the other is that the rate of strength development obeys the exponential Arrhenius equation.
      The purpose of this study is to predict properly compressive strength of concrete through the investigation of the correlation between strength of concrete and maturity that is expressed as the integral of the curing period and temperature, for its practical application.
      For this study, therefore, the predictions of compressive strength of ordinary concrete, high strength concrete, and high fluidity concrete by maturity are experimented. The study on the hydration heat and mechanical property of high fluidity concrete, and the strength control by prediction strength of concrete using equivalent age in construction field are also performed.
      As the results, I could get some information about prediction of concrete strength.
      First, in the ordinary concrete, its compressive strength at the same equivalent age shows similar level regardless of curing temperature, and it can be used in the prediction of the strength of concrete. The close correlation between strength and maturity temperature is high as activation energy value is getting higher in early age and lower in late age. The experiment shows that especially equivalent age function using activation energy of Freiesleben explains accurately the effect of temperature on the strength in early age. With the result of strength prediction by its model, Coefficients of three prediction models can be calculated. For managing proper strength, it can be recommended to use Logistic model which shows close correlativity over whole ages.
      Second, in the high strength concrete, its relations with maturity temperature is shown by two functions figured in the thesis, which indicates the effects of temperature on concrete very well. In spite of it, it would be recommended to use Freiesleben method for accurate prediction. Coefficients giving the prediction of the strength of high strength concrete can be calculated by strength prediction model. It can be recommended to use Gompertz Curve in the high strength concrete because it shows the highest decisive coefficient value. The strength measured practically in the experiment is a little lower than compressive strength prediction value by Gompertz Curve in early age, but the rate of prediction using it is shown highly on the whole. Therefore it is significant to use maturity method in strength prediction of actual high strength concrete structure.
      Third, in the high fluidity concrete, the setting and solidification of concrete can be longer in 5℃ for the setting time according to the type of binder and the curing temperature variation. If the outer temperature is low, much care in curing temperature would be required when actuation and promotion. Since base temperature of strength actuation differs according to the types of cement, base temperature in each composition ratio has to be calculated and then applied in order to get an accurate maturity. Maturity function of Freisleben is good for the strength prediction of high fluidity concrete in 5∼30℃. Plowman curve is simple and accurate in early age and it can be recommended for the prediction of concrete in the fields.
      In conclusion, the final results through this study obviously show that the compressive strength of ordinary concrete, high strength concrete, high fluidity concrete can be satisfactorily predicted by maturity method.
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      The prediction of the early-stage strength of concrete is essential for modernized concrete construction as well as for the manufacturing of structural parts. Safe and economic scheduling of such crucial operations as form removal, application of post...

      The prediction of the early-stage strength of concrete is essential for modernized concrete construction as well as for the manufacturing of structural parts. Safe and economic scheduling of such crucial operations as form removal, application of post-tensioning or other mechanical treatment, and in-process transportation and rapid delivery of products should be based on a good grasp of the strength development of the concrete in use. Knowledge of the early-stage strength of concrete is very important especially when concreting has to be carried out in cold weather.
      The usual practice of monitoring in-place concrete strength using field-cured cylinder has been deemed improper by an increasing number of engineers due to the difficulty of insuring that the field cured cylinders experience the same curing history as the structural parts which they are supposed to represent.
      There are several methods for estimating the in-place strength of concrete. One of them is from the maturity concept which is based on the fact that concrete gains strength with time as a result of cement hydration. The strength of concrete is related to the degree of hydration of the cement in concrete, and the rate of hydration, as in any chemical reaction, depends primarily on the concrete temperature during hydration. Therefore, the strength of concrete is a function of its time-temperature history. That's why the term, "maturity" is used to represent it.
      A maturity function accounts for the combined effects of time and temperature on the strength development of a cementirious mixture. Its key feature is how temperature affects the rate of strength development. There are two assumptions in a widely-used maturity method: one is that the rate of strength development is a linear function of temperature, and the other is that the rate of strength development obeys the exponential Arrhenius equation.
      The purpose of this study is to predict properly compressive strength of concrete through the investigation of the correlation between strength of concrete and maturity that is expressed as the integral of the curing period and temperature, for its practical application.
      For this study, therefore, the predictions of compressive strength of ordinary concrete, high strength concrete, and high fluidity concrete by maturity are experimented. The study on the hydration heat and mechanical property of high fluidity concrete, and the strength control by prediction strength of concrete using equivalent age in construction field are also performed.
      As the results, I could get some information about prediction of concrete strength.
      First, in the ordinary concrete, its compressive strength at the same equivalent age shows similar level regardless of curing temperature, and it can be used in the prediction of the strength of concrete. The close correlation between strength and maturity temperature is high as activation energy value is getting higher in early age and lower in late age. The experiment shows that especially equivalent age function using activation energy of Freiesleben explains accurately the effect of temperature on the strength in early age. With the result of strength prediction by its model, Coefficients of three prediction models can be calculated. For managing proper strength, it can be recommended to use Logistic model which shows close correlativity over whole ages.
      Second, in the high strength concrete, its relations with maturity temperature is shown by two functions figured in the thesis, which indicates the effects of temperature on concrete very well. In spite of it, it would be recommended to use Freiesleben method for accurate prediction. Coefficients giving the prediction of the strength of high strength concrete can be calculated by strength prediction model. It can be recommended to use Gompertz Curve in the high strength concrete because it shows the highest decisive coefficient value. The strength measured practically in the experiment is a little lower than compressive strength prediction value by Gompertz Curve in early age, but the rate of prediction using it is shown highly on the whole. Therefore it is significant to use maturity method in strength prediction of actual high strength concrete structure.
      Third, in the high fluidity concrete, the setting and solidification of concrete can be longer in 5℃ for the setting time according to the type of binder and the curing temperature variation. If the outer temperature is low, much care in curing temperature would be required when actuation and promotion. Since base temperature of strength actuation differs according to the types of cement, base temperature in each composition ratio has to be calculated and then applied in order to get an accurate maturity. Maturity function of Freisleben is good for the strength prediction of high fluidity concrete in 5∼30℃. Plowman curve is simple and accurate in early age and it can be recommended for the prediction of concrete in the fields.
      In conclusion, the final results through this study obviously show that the compressive strength of ordinary concrete, high strength concrete, high fluidity concrete can be satisfactorily predicted by maturity method.

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      목차 (Table of Contents)

      • 제 1 장 서론 = 1
      • 1.1 연구배경 및 필요성 = 1
      • 1.2 연구의 목적 = 3
      • 1.3 연구의 내용 및 구성 = 4
      • 제 2 장 적산온도에 관한 이론적 고찰 = 7
      • 제 1 장 서론 = 1
      • 1.1 연구배경 및 필요성 = 1
      • 1.2 연구의 목적 = 3
      • 1.3 연구의 내용 및 구성 = 4
      • 제 2 장 적산온도에 관한 이론적 고찰 = 7
      • 2.1 콘크리트의 압축강도에 영향을 미치는 요인 = 7
      • 2.1.1 시멘트 페이스트의 강도 = 7
      • 2.1.2 페이스트-골재결합 = 11
      • 2.1.3 콘크리트 혼합비율 = 12
      • 2.2 적산온도의 이론적 고찰 = 12
      • 2.2.1 개요 = 12
      • 2.2.2 서론 = 12
      • 2.2.3 역사적인 배경 = 14
      • 2.2.3.1 적산온도 함수 = 14
      • 2.2.3.2 적산온도를 이용한 강도예측 모델 = 23
      • 2.2.3.3 요약 = 36
      • 2.2.4 이론적인 배경 = 36
      • 2.2.4.1 콘크리트의 강도발현 = 36
      • 2.2.4.2 적산온도 함수 = 38
      • 2.2.4.3 실험상의 결과 = 41
      • 2.2.4.4 활성화에너지 = 46
      • 2.2.4.5 상대강도 = 52
      • 2.3 적산온도의 적용 = 56
      • 2.3.1 기본적인 원리 = 57
      • 2.3.2 적산온도의 도구 = 58
      • 2.2.3 적산온도방법과 다른 방법과의 조화 = 62
      • 2.4 적산온도의 적용의 예시 = 63
      • 2.4.1 강도-적산온도 관계 = 64
      • 2.4.2 시방기준 = 69
      • 2.4.2.1 기준온도와 활성화에너지 = 70
      • 2.4.2.2 강도와 적산온도 관계 = 70
      • 2.4.2.3 현장강도의 평가 = 71
      • 2.5 적산온도의 요약 = 72
      • 제 3 장 적산온도에 의한 보통콘크리트의 압축강도 예측에 관한 실험적 연구 = 75
      • 3.1 서언 = 75
      • 3.2 실험계획 및 방법 = 76
      • 3.2.1 실험계획 = 76
      • 3.2.2 사용재료 = 77
      • 3.2.3 콘크리트의 배합 =79
      • 3.2.4 콘크리트의 비빔방법 및 공시체 제작 = 80
      • 3.2.5 공시체 양생방법 = 81
      • 3.2.6 각종시험 방법 = 81
      • 3.2.6.1 아직굳지않은 콘크리트 시험방법 = 81
      • 3.2.6.2 경화콘크리트 시험방법 = 81
      • 3.3 실험결과 및 분석 = 83
      • 3.3.1 굳지않은 콘크리트 = 83
      • 3.3.2 응결시험 = 85
      • 3.3.3 경화콘크리트 = 87
      • 3.3.3.1 재령환산계수의 검토 = 87
      • 3.3.3.2 콘크리트의 압축강도 발현성상 = 90
      • 3.3.3.3 적산온도-강도 관계 및 적용성 검토 = 94
      • 3.3.2.4 보통콘크리트의 강도예측 = 100
      • 3.3.4 비파괴시험 분석= 106
      • 3.3.4.1 반발도 시험법에 의한 강도예측 = 106
      • 3.3.4.2 초음파속도법에 의한 강도예측 = 110
      • 3.3.5 종합비교 = 113
      • 3.4 결언= 116
      • 제 4 장 적산온도에 의한 고강도콘크리트의 압축강도 예측에 관한 실험적 연구= 117
      • 4.1 서언 = 117
      • 4.2 실험계획 및 사용재료 = 118
      • 4.2.1 실험계획 = 118
      • 4.2.2 사용재료 = 119
      • 4.2.3 고강도콘크리트의 배합 = 120
      • 4.2.4 콘크리트의 비빔방법 및 공시체의 제작 = 121
      • 4.2.5 공시체의 양생방법 = 121
      • 4.2.6 각종 시험방법 = 122
      • 4.2.6.1 아직굳지않은 콘크리트 시험방법 = 122
      • 4.2.6.2 기준온도 시험방법 = 122
      • 4.2.6.3 경화콘크리트의 시험방법 = 123
      • 4.2.6.4 콘크리트의 내부온도 측정 = 124
      • 4.3 실험결과 및 분석 = 125
      • 4.3.1 굳지않은 콘크리트 = 125
      • 4.3.2 기준온도 = 127
      • 4.3.3 양생온도별 콘크리트의 내부온도 변화 = 128
      • 4.3.4 경화 콘크리트 = 129
      • 4.3.4.1 재령환산계수의 검토 = 129
      • 4.3.4.2 고강도콘크리트의 압축강도 발현 성상 = 131
      • 4.3.4.3 적산온도-강도관계 및 적용성 검토 = 135
      • 4.3.5 고강도콘크리트의 강도예측= 138
      • 4.3.6 슬래브 실험 분석 = 142
      • 4.3.6.1 슬래브의 온도측정 = 142
      • 4.3.6.2 강도예측값과 실제측정치와의 비교 = 142
      • 4.3.7 비파괴 시험분석 = 144
      • 4.3.7.1 반발도시험법에 의한 강도예측 = 144
      • 4.3.7.2 초음파속도법에 의한 강도예측 = 147
      • 4.3.8 종합비교 = 147
      • 4.4 결언 = 151
      • 제 5 장 적산온도에 의한 고유동콘크리트의 압축강도 예측에 관한 실험적 연구 = 152
      • 5.1 고유동콘크리트의 수화발열특성 및 역학적 특성 = 152
      • 5.1.1 서언 = 152
      • 5.1.2 실험계획 및 방법 = 153
      • 5.1.2.1 실험계획 = 153
      • 5.1.2.2 사용재료 = 153
      • 5.1.2.3 콘크리트의 배합 = 156
      • 5.1.2.4 콘크리트의 비빔방법 및 공시체 제작 = 156
      • 5.1.2.5 공시체 양생방법 = 158
      • 5.1.2.6 각종평가시험 방법 = 158
      • 5.1.3 실험결과 및 분석 = 163
      • 5.1.3.1 미소수화열량의 검토 및 분석 = 163
      • 5.1.3.2 간이 단열온도상승 실험결과의 검토 및 분석 = 164
      • 5.1.3.3 고유동콘크리트의 압축강도 및 역학적 특성 검토 = 166
      • 5.1.4 코아압축강도 = 174
      • 5.1.5 결언= 175
      • 5.2 적산온도에 의한 고유동콘크리트의 강도예측 = 177
      • 5.2.1 서언 = 177
      • 5.2.2 실험계획 및 방법 = 178
      • 5.2.2.1 실험계획 = 178
      • 5.2.2.2 사용재료 = 179
      • 5.2.2.3 콘크리트의 배합 = 179
      • 5.2.2.4 콘크리트의 비빔방법 및 공시체 제작 = 179
      • 5.2.2.5 공시체 양생방법 = 179
      • 5.2.2.6 각종시험 방법 = 179
      • 5.2.3 실험결과 및 분석 = 181
      • 5.2.3.1 기준온도결정 및 분석 = 181
      • 5.2.3.2 적산온도의 적용성 검토 = 192
      • 5.3.3.3 고유동콘크리트의 강도예측 = 201
      • 5.3.3.4 비파괴시험 분석= 208
      • 5.3.3.5 종합비교 = 214
      • 5.2.4 결언 = 217
      • 5.3 결론 = 219
      • 제 6 장 적산온도 개념의 현장적용성 검토 = 222
      • 6.1 서언 = 222
      • 6.2 실험계획 및 방법 = 223
      • 6.2.1 실험의 준비 = 223
      • 6.2.2 현장배합의 결정 및 타설 = 224
      • 6.2.3 시험방법 = 224
      • 6.3 실험결과 및 분석 = 226
      • 6.3.1 계산모델의 정립 = 226
      • 6.3.1.1 기본이론 = 226
      • 6.3.1.2 강도예측 모델의 결정 = 228
      • 6.3.1.3 모의 부재실험에 의한 검증 = 231
      • 6.3.2 계산모델에 의한 거푸집존치기간 결정 = 233
      • 6.4 결언 = 236
      • 제 7 장 종합결론 및 제안 = 236
      • 7.1 종합결론 = 236
      • 7.2 제안 = 240
      • 참고문헌 = 242
      • ABSTRACT = 250
      • 發表論文目錄 = 255
      • 1. 연구발표논문 = 255
      • 2. 참여PROJECT 목록 = 261
      • 3. 수상경력 및 활동실적 = 261
      • 감사의 글 = 263
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