보상의 수단적 지각과 상징적 지각이 내적 동기와 학습에 미치는 영향 = Effects of the Perception of Reward Instrumentality and as Symbol of Task Mastery on Intrinsic Motivation

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The present study is an attempt to the examine the effects of reward contingency, level of initial interest, and single versus multiple trials of reward on intrinsic motivation.
The hypotheses were : 1) perceived instrumentality of rewards would undermine intrinsic motivation but rewards that symbolize success would enhance such motivation ; 2) reward would bring about a decline in interest only among high initial interest subject ; 3) Decrement in interest might be confined to single trials of reward, whereas with multiple trials (in this study two trials) might be an enhancing effect.
The subjects were 4th-grade 300 school boys and girls sampled from a primary school in Pusan, Korea. According to their levels of initial interest in "imbedded-picture test", they were assigned to one of five treatment groups in a factorial design. They were assigned to the five reward conditions : 1) Expected reward as symbol, 2) expected reward instrumentality (performance-contingent reward), 3) unexpected reward as symbol, 4) unexpected reward (performance-nonconfined reward), and 5) control.
The findings of this study were that a task seen as a means to an extrinsic goal brought about a decreasing interest in the task, but reward that symbolized success was found to enhance intrinsic motivation.
However, no difference in intrinsic motivation was found among groups of different levels of initial interest. This outcome was inconsistent with expectation. A decline in interest was expected, particularly among high-interest group.
This study involved two trials of reward. However, a small undermining effect was evident among all treatment groups. In the study, all the subjects were normal population and most of them seemed to have highly interest in target task, in which their competencies already established. In these circumstances, second trial might merely accentuate the instrumentality of the previously interesting in obtaining the reward. Another possible interpretation my be that a kind of satiation with the target task with repeated trials have brought about such decreased effects.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• <目次>
• Ⅰ. 서론
• 1. 연구의 필요성과 목적
• 2. 연구가설
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경
• 1. 과정당화효과
• 2. 보상의 도구성과 상징성
• 3. 초기흥미수준
• 4. 과제수행에 수반되는 보상제공회수
• Ⅲ. 연구의 방법과 절차
• 1. 연구대상
• 2. 실험자료
• 3. 실험절차
• 4. 자료의 통계적 처리
• Ⅳ. 결과 및 논의
• 1. 결과
• 2. 논의
• 參考文獻
• Abstract
• [부록]