SnP₃/Carbon Nanocomposite as an Anode Material for Potassium-Ion Batteries

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

<P>New anode materials with large capacity and long cyclability for next-generation potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) are required. PIBs are in the initial stage of investigation and only a few anode materials have been explored. In this study, for the first time, an SnP<SUB>3</SUB>/C nanocomposite with superior cyclability and rate performance was evaluated as an anode for PIBs. The SnP<SUB>3</SUB>/C nanocomposite was synthesized by a facile and cost-effective high-energy ball-milling technique. The SnP<SUB>3</SUB>/C electrode delivered a first reversible capacity of 410 mAh g<SUP>-1</SUP> and maintained 408 mAh g<SUP>-1</SUP> after 50 cycles at a specific current of 50 mA g<SUP>-1</SUP>. After 80 cycles at a high specific current of 500 mA g<SUP>-1</SUP>, a high capacity of 225 mAh g<SUP>-1</SUP> remained. From a crystallographic analysis, it was suggested that the SnP<SUB>3</SUB>/C nanocomposite underwent a sequential and reversible conversion and alloying reactions. The excellent cycling stability and rate capability of the SnP<SUB>3</SUB>/C electrode were attributed to the nanosized SnP<SUB>3</SUB> particles and carbon buffer layer, which supplied channels for the migration of K-ions and mitigated the stress induced by a large volume change during potassiation/depotassiation. In addition, a full cell composed of the SnP<SUB>3</SUB>/C nanocomposite anode and potassium Prussian blue cathode exhibited a reversible capacity of 305 mAh g<SUP>-1</SUP> at a specific current of 30 mA g<SUP>-1</SUP> and retained 71.7% of the original capacity after 30 cycles. These results are important for understanding the electrochemical process of the SnP<SUB>3</SUB>/C nanocomposite and using the SnP<SUB>3</SUB>/C as an anode for PIBs.</P>
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