In this dissertation, the plasmon induced E-field amplification has been studied to effectively improve the photoelectrochemical (PEC) oxidation performance of oxide electrode. Hydrogen energy is regarded as a promising alternative fuel, and water ele...
In this dissertation, the plasmon induced E-field amplification has been studied to effectively improve the photoelectrochemical (PEC) oxidation performance of oxide electrode. Hydrogen energy is regarded as a promising alternative fuel, and water electrolysis has been extensively studied as a zero-carbon approach for hydrogen production. However, the high overpotential of oxidation reaction significantly limits the overall efficiency of water splitting. Therefore, improving the oxidation reaction in water electrolysis is crucial for achieving efficient production of hydrogen.
Firstly, a highly ordered Au nanoparticle cluster (c-Au) pattern structure was designed to amplify the E-field in the oxide electrode. A thin insulating layer was introduced to induce plasmon-induced resonant energy transfer (PIRET), thereby significantly suppressing charge recombination, prolonging charge carrier lifetime, and improving charge separation efficiency. As a result, c-Au incorporated BiVO4-based photoanode (BVO) showed a 1.71-fold higher photocurrent density of 1.87 mA/cm2 at 1.23 VRHE in oxygen evolution reaction (OER) compared to BVO. Secondly, the amplified E-field by the c-Au structure effectively increased the photovoltage from 20-30 mV in BVO to 80-100 mV in c-Au/BVO, providing an additional driving force to overcome the multiple reaction pathway of the glycerol oxidation reaction (GOR). Consequently, c-Au/BVO shows significantly promoted PEC GOR, effectively achieving the ~2-fold higher photocurrent density of 2.98 mA/cm2 at 1.23 VRHE compared to BVO. Moreover, the production of glyceraldehyde, dihydroxyacetone, glycolic acid, and formic acid was confirmed. In particular, c-Au/BVO achieved the ~3-fold higher conversion rate of glycerol to formic acid (119.5 mmol/h·m2) and improving its Faradaic efficiency from 18.8% for BVO to 27.8%. Thirdly, the improved oxidation reaction was directly applied to overall water splitting, which demonstrated practical PEC operation. To maximize the direct electron transfer (DET) process, SnO2 passivated Au nanoparticles were introduced on WO3 nanoflake photoanode. As a result, the SnO2/AuWO3 photoanode achieved 2.5-fold increase in PEC OER photocurrent density of 1.34 mA/cm2 and 1.7-fold increase in PEC GOR photocurrent density of 2.38 mA/cm2 at 1.23 VRHE compared with bare WO3. Notably, the improvement of oxidation reaction significantly boosted the hydrogen production rates to 2091.0 mmol/h·m2 for SnO2/AuWO3.