Effects of the Red Garlic Extract for Anti-Obesity and Hypolipidemic in Obese Rats Induced High Fat Diet

국문 초록 (Abstract)

고지방식이로 유도된 비만흰쥐에 15 brix의 홍마늘 열수추출물을 1%, 3%, 5% 및 7%로 식이 중에 혼합급이하여 체내 지질 함량 및 항비만 효과를 측정하였다. 비만지수와 체지방량은 3% 이상의 홍마늘 추출물의 급이시 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 감소되었으나, 내장 지방 및 부고환 주변 지방 함량은 홍마늘 추출물의 급이에 따른 유의차가 없었다. 혈청 중의 총 지질 및 중성지방은 추출물의 첨가량이 증가됨에 따라 유의적으로 감소하였으며, 동맥경화지수와 심혈관질환 위험지수도 감소되었다. ALT 및 AST 활성은 홍마늘 추출물 급이시 대조군에 비해 감소되었다. 간 조직 중 총 지질 함량은 5-7%의 홍마늘 추출물 급이군에서 유의적으로 감소되었으며, 홍마늘 추출물의 5% 이상 급이시 분변 중에 총 콜레스테롤 및 중성지방의 배설이 증가되었다. 혈청 중 지질 과산화물 함량은 5-7%의 홍마늘 추출물 급이군에서 유의적으로 감소되었으며, 항산화 활성은 7% 급이군에서 유의적으로 상승되었다. 따라서 홍마늘 추출물은 분변으로 콜레스테롤 및 중성지방의 배출을 증가시킴으로써 체내 지질 저하 및 항비만 효과를 내는 것으로 사료된다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study tested the anti-obesity and hypolipidemic effects of red garlic extract in obese rats induced by a high fat diet over a period of 4 weeks. Red garlic extract of 15 brix was added in 1, 3, 5 and 7% ratios in diets. The obesity index and body fat content significantly decreased in rats fed a diet with over 3% red garlic extract compared to the control group. There was no significant difference in weight of visceral and epididymal fat in rats fed red garlic extract. Total lipid and triglyceride levels in serum were significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner, and AI and CRF also fell. ALT and AST activities in groups fed red garlic extract were decreased compared to the control group. Total lipid level in liver tissue of the groups fed 5-7% red garlic extract exhibited a significant decrease compared to the control group. Total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in feces were significantly increased in rats fed a diet with over 5% red garlic extract. Lipid peroxide levels were significantly decreased in the groups fed diets with 5-7% red garlic and antioxidant activity in serum was significantly increased in the group fed a diet with 7% red garlic extract compared to the control group. Our results suggest that red garlic extract could have anti-obesity and hypolipidemic effects for suppressing obesity index and decreasing lipid profiles.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Introduction
• Materials and Methods
• Results and Discussion
• Acknowledgement
• References
• 초록

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 신정혜, "흑마늘의 항산화 활성" 한국식품영양과학회 37 (37): 965-971, 2008

2 윤혜진, "황금추출물이 고지방 식이를 급여한 흰쥐의 지질대사 및 항산화방어계에 미치는 영향" 한국식품영양과학회 39 (39): 219-226, 2010

3 이종원, "홍삼에 함유된 갈변물질 및 산성다당체에 대한 연구현황" 고려인삼학회 30 (30): 41-48, 2006

4 이성계, "홍삼 및 천연물 혼합소재의 비만 유도 흰쥐에 대한 항비만 효과에 관한 연구" 한국식품영양과학회 37 (37): 437-444, 2008

5 이미경, "포도씨열수추출물이 고지방식이로 유도한 비만마우스의 지질대사와 적혈구 항산화 방어계에 미치는 영향" 한국식품영양과학회 36 (36): 1537-1543, 2007

6 강민정, "처리조건을 달리한 마늘 첨가식이가 1% 콜레스테롤 급여 흰쥐의 지질대사에 미치는 영향" 한국식품영양과학회 37 (37): 162-169, 2008

7 신미경, "연잎 건분이 고지방식이를 먹인 흰쥐의 지질 농도에 미치는 영향" 한국식생활문화학회 21 (21): 202-208, 2006

8 최종원, "식이성 고지혈 및 비만에 대한 산마늘 추출물의 효과" 한국생약학회 36 (36): 109-115, 2005

9 양승택, "숙성 흑마늘 추출물의 Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)의 항산화 효과" 한국생명과학회 17 (17): 1330-1335, 2007

10 이수정, "숙성 홍마늘의 생리활성" 한국생명과학회 20 (20): 775-781, 2010

11 신정혜, "숙성 온도에 따른 마늘의 이화학적 성분 및 항산화 활성의 변화" 한국식품영양과학회 37 (37): 1174-1181, 2008

12 최형택, "마늘과 대두배아 발효물로 구성된 복합 식품소재가 고지방 식이를 섭취한 흰쥐의 혈중 지질 성분에 미치는 영향" 한국식품과학회 40 (40): 215-219, 2008

13 최미경, "구기엽 에탄올 추출물이 고지방 식이 유도 비만쥐의 비만과 혈중 생화학적 지표 조절에 미치는 영향" 한국식품영양과학회 38 (38): 1707-1711, 2009

14 강상모, "고지혈증 유발 흰쥐에 있어서 생식의 건강개선효과" 한국식품영양과학회 32 (32): 906-912, 2003

15 권진영, "고지방식이를 섭취한 흰쥐에서 김치유산균분말의 비만 억제 및 지질 저하 효과" 한국식품과학회 36 (36): 1014-1019, 2004

16 서부일, "고지방 식이로 유도된 비만 흰쥐에 茵蔯, 枳實, 山？가 미치는 영향" 대한본초학회 21 (21): 55-67, 2006

17 Sheo,H.J, "Toxic effects of the megadose garlic juice in the rats" 29 : 485-492, 2000

18 Mun,J.H, "The risk factors of metabolic syndrome and the association between metabolic syndrom and γ-GPT" Chungang University 2004

19 Kim, S. W., "The nutrition transition in South Korea" 71 : 44-53, 2001

20 Haglund, O., "The effect of fish oil on triglycerides, cholesterol, fibrinogen and malondialdehyde in humans supplemented with vitamin" 121 : 165-172, 1991

21 Jastrzebski, Z., "The bioactivity of processed garlic (Allium sativum L.) as shown in vitro and in vivo studies on rats" 45 : 1626-1633, 2007

22 Gorinstein, S., "Supplementation of garlic lowers lipids and increases antioxidant capacity in plasma of rats" 26 : 362-368, 2006

23 Cheung, P. C. K, "Plasma and hepatic cholesterol levels and fecal neutral sterol excretion are altered in hamsters fed straw mushroom diets" 128 : 1512-1516, 1998

24 Azuma, K., "Phenolic antioxidants from the leaves of Corchorus olitorius L" 47 : 3963-3966, 1999

25 Shimomura, Y., "Less body fat accumulation in rats fed a safflower oil diet than in rats fed a beef tallow diet" 120 : 1291-1296, 1990

26 Frings, C. S., "Improved determination of total serum lipids by the sulfo-phospho-vanillin reaction" 18 : 763-764, 1972

27 Woo, M. N., "Hypolipidemic and body fat-lowering effects of Fatclean in rats fed a high-fat diet" 47 : 2076-2082, 2009

28 Yu, Y. Y, "Garlic reduces plasma lipids by inhibiting hepatic cholesterol and triacylglycerol synthesis" 29 : 189-193, 1994

29 Friedewald, W. T., "Estimation of the concentration of low density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge" 18 : 499-502, 1972

30 Kerckhoffs, D. A. J. M., "Effects on the human serum lipoprotein profile of β-glucan, soy protein and isoflavones, plant sterols and stanols, garlic and tocotrienols" 132 : 2494-2505, 2002

31 Kim, S. Y., "Effects of the feeding Platycodon grandiflorum and Codonopsis ianceolata on the fatty acid composition of serum and liver in rats" 27 : 1211-1216, 2003

32 Kwon, T. D., "Effects of polyphenol or vitamin C ingestion on antioxidative activity during exercise in rats" 3 : 891-899, 2001

33 Cristol, L. S., "Effect of low dose probucol therapy on LDL oxidation and the plasma lipoprotein profile in male volunteers" 97 : 11-20, 1992

34 Ko,D.U, "Effect of job's tears on the obesity range of rat" Yongin University 2004

35 Igarashi, K, "Effect of isorhamnetin, rhamnetin and quercitin on the concentration of cholesterol and lipoperoxide in the serum and liver and on the blood and liver antioxidative enzyme activities of rats" 59 : 595-598, 1995

36 Chi, M. S., "Effect of garlic on lipid metabolism in rats fed cholesterol or lard" 112 : 241-248, 1982

37 Hwang, W. I., "Effect of fresh garlic extract on the tumor cell growth and immunopotentiating activity" 19 : 494-508, 1990

38 Lee,J.S, "Effect of age on the lipid metabolism in the rats fed diets with different levels of dietary fat" Ewha Women University 1985

39 Yeong-Ju Seo, "Effect of Garlic and Aged Black Garlic on Hyperglycemia and Dyslipidemia in Animal Model of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus" 한국식품영양과학회 14 (14): 1-7, 2009

40 Koh, J. B, "Effect of Cordyceps militaris on lipid metabolism in rats fed cholesterol diet" 34 : 265-270, 2001

41 Lim, B. O., "Effect of Betulae platyphyllae Cortex on free radical in diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin" 15 : 69-77, 2000

42 Aziz, H. A., "Direct effect of khat and garlic extracts on blood lipids contents: Preliminary in vitro study" 4 : e247-e252, 2010

43 Patricia Matanjun, "Comparison of Cardiovascular Protective Effects of Tropical Seaweeds, Kappaphycus alvarezii, Caulerpa lentillifera, and Sargassum polycystum, on High-Cholesterol/High-Fat Diet in Rats" 한국식품영양과학회 13 (13): 792-800, 2010

44 김현숙, "Chromium Methionine 첨가가 비만지수 및 지질 대사에 미치는 영향" 한국식품영양과학회 32 (32): 706-709, 2003

45 Gökkuşu, C, "Changes in oxidative stress in various tissues by long-term administration of vitamin E in hypercholesterolemic rats" 328 : 155-161, 2003

46 Corzo-Martinez, M., "Biological properties of onions and garlic" 18 : 609-625, 2007

47 Kempaiah, R. K, "Beneficial influence of dietary curcumin, capsaicin and garlic on erythrocyte integrity in high-fat fed rats" 17 : 471-478, 2006

48 Imai, J., "Antioxidant and radical scavenging effects of aged garlic extract and its constituents" 60 : 417-420, 1994

49 Kun-Young Park, "Antiobesity Effect of Major Korean Spices (Red Pepper Powder, Garlic and Ginger) in Rats Fed High Fat Diet" 한국식품영양과학회 10 (10): 58-63, 2005

50 Chang-Suk Kong, "Anti-Obesity Effect of Garlic-added Kochujang in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes" 한국식품영양과학회 13 (13): 66-70, 2008

51 Rendu, F., "Ajoene, the antiplatelet compound derived from garlic, specifically inhibits platelet release reaction by affecting the plasma membrane internal microviscosity" 38 : 1321-1328, 1989

52 Folch, J., "A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues" 226 : 497-502, 1957