역사의 기후변화와 인간 종의 변이 = J. G. 발라드의 파국 삼부작 읽기

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper read catastrophe trilogy J. G. Ballard [“The Drowned World”(1962), “The Drought”(1964; 1965), “The Crystall World”(1966)] as a SF presenting a new philosophical perspective on humans and nature. Today nature is the other that not separate from the act of human. Nature is impossible to distinguish from a product of human behavior as a geological actor. History was done natural history and human mankind opened a new geological era. Ballards SF deserves attention to that pre-occupied a nature-historical point of view. One of the most significant potentialities of SF is a capacity to provide something like an experimental variation on our own empirical universe. In his SF, Ballard explored a variety of temporal possibilities. These are the archeao-psychic time of evolutionary history (The Drowned World), the erasure of memory in the lunar landscapes of the future (The Drought), and the surrender of temporal identity and erasure of time itself (The Crystal World). In the body of paper, I compared Ballard s SF with James Lovelocks Gaia hypothesis & the pessimism philosophy of John Gray and then had evaluated them all in detail. In Ballards trilogy, nature is akin to life for its own protecting and maintaining so that rapidly changing ecosystem. On the other hand, in Ballards trilogy, human being is depicted as not the humanity but the human species. In Ballards SF, human being revealed not a existence representing civilization and progress but a historical product of variation and evolution. Through this revealing, Ballards trilogy fundamentally criticizes progress and civilization, human-centered perspective on the history and then presents a new view of nature and human being.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 존 그레이, "하찮은 인간, 호모 라피엔스" 이후 2010

2 J. G. 발라드, "크리스탈 세계" 문학수첩 2012

3 임마누엘 칸트, "칸트의 역사철학" 서광사 1992

4 존 그레이, "추악한 동맹: 종교적 신념이 빚어 낸 현대 정치의 비극" 이후 2011

5 디페시 차크라바티, "지구사의 도전" 서해문집 2010

6 이성민, "암흑지점" b 2004

7 질 들뢰즈, "시네마Ⅱ: 시간-이미지" 시각과언어 2005

8 스타니스와프 렘, "솔라리스" 오멜라스 2008

9 J. G. 발라드, "불타버린 세계" 문학수첩 2012

10 J. G. 발라드, "물에 잠긴 세계" 문학수첩 2012

11 존 그레이, "동물들의 침묵: 진보를 비롯한 오늘날의 파괴적 신화에 대하여" 이후 2014

12 스벤 뤼티겐, "뉴레프트리뷰 3호" 길 2011

13 다이앤 듀마노스키, "긴 여름의 끝" 아카이브 2011

14 제임스 러브록, "가이아의 복수" 세종서적 2008

15 제임스 러브록, "가이아" 갈라파고스 2004

16 황은주, "Taoist Self-Development vs. Jungian Wholeness: Reading J. G. Ballard’s Natural Transformation Quartet of The Wind from Nowhere, The Drowned World, The Drought and The Crystal World" 한국동서비교문학학회 (21) : 259-276, 2009

17 Simon Critchley, "John Gray’s Godless Mysticism: On The Silence of Animals"

18 Mike Holliday, "Fulfillment in a time of nihilism: John Gray and J.G. Ballard"

19 Fredric Jameson, "Archaeologies of the Future: The Desire Called Utopia and Other Science Fiction" Verso 2005