In the liquid crystal display (LCD) industry, it is important to estimate the possibility of uniform liquid crystal (LC) alignment on substrate surfaces. To ensure uniform orientation of the LC molecules, several alignment methods such as mechanical r...
In the liquid crystal display (LCD) industry, it is important to estimate the possibility of uniform liquid crystal (LC) alignment on substrate surfaces. To ensure uniform orientation of the LC molecules, several alignment methods such as mechanical rubbing, oblique deposition, ultraviolet alignment, plasma treatment, and ion-beam (IB) bombardment can induce various alignment materials on indium-tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrates. The mechanical rubbing has been widely utilized in industry standard technique due to its simplicity and high productivity for mass production of LCDs; however, during the rubbing process, debris and electrostatic discharge from the clothes can cause local defects and streaks. To improve weakness of rubbing process, the IB bombardment technique which has advantages of a clean process, and multi-domain capability was intensively investigated in this research as a substitute for rubbing technique. Therefore, the IB-irradiated novel inorganic layers including zirconium oxide (ZrO2) and magnesium fluoride (MgF2) films were studied as a replacement for conventional rubbed PI layers.
First, the ZrO2 surfaces deposited by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering were modified by IB bombardment in order to achieving unidirectional LC molecules. It was found that the pretilt angle was in a function of the IB irradiation energy and incident angle, and a possible mechanism of LC alignment was examined with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). XPS analysis demonstrated that the LC alignment on the IB-irradiated ZrO2 surface was due principally to the reformation of O-Zr bonds, which causes van der Waals force for the homogeneous alignment of LC molecules. The response time of a TN cell with IB-irradiated ZrO2 thin films was superior to those with rubbed polyimide films.
In second study, the characteristics of inorganic MgF2 films deposited by electron beam evaporation were examined for their potential use in LCD applications. Homogeneous LC alignment was achieved by controlling the IB irradiation energy intensity and incident angles. The results of a chemical analysis revealed that the IB irradiation selectively broke the Mg-F bonding structure as the IB energy intensity was increased. The surface of the MgF2 was subsequently transformed into unstable MgF2-x, resulting in a homogeneous LC orientation. Furthermore, the electro-optical characteristics of a homogeneously aligned TN-LCD on an MgF2 layer exhibited a level of performance that was comparable to a TN-LCD on polyimide. Such results indicate that MgF2 could possibly be used as an LC alignment layer.