Non-COb2s greenhouse gases : why and how to control? : proceedings of an international symposium, Maastricht, the Netherlands, 13-15 December 1993

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• Preface = xix
• Conference Statement = xxiii
• The Conference Statement : procedure and follow up = xxvii
• Welcome / J. J. Verhoog(President Vereniging LUCHT, Delft, The Netherlands) = xxxi
• Opening address / B. Metz(Ministry of Housing, Physical Planning and Environment, The Hague, The Netherlands) = xxxiii
• Introduction of the European Symposium on Environmental Protection(TESEP) / L. A. Clarenburg(President TESEP, Delft, The Netherlands) = xxxix
• Review Papers
• Global budgets for non-CO₂ greenhouse gases / P. J. Crutzen(Max Planck Institut f$$\ ddot u$$r Chemie, Mainz, Germany) = 1
• Effectiveness of non-CO₂ greenhouse gas emission reduction technologies / K. Blok(Utrecht University) ; D. de Jager(Ecofys Research and Consultancy, Utrecht, The Netherlands) = 17
• Emission Inventories
• National GHG inventories : recent developments under the IPCC／OECD Joint Programme / J. Corfee Morlot ; P. Schwengels ; S. Lurding(OECD, Paris, France) = 41
• The African experience with the IPCC methodology for estimating greenhouse gas emissions / P. E. M. Lammers ; J. F. Feenstra(Institute for Environmental Studies, Amsterdam, The Netherlands) = 53
• Reporting emissions of greenhouse gases in Canada / P. Finlay ; R. Stobbs(Environmental Protection Service, Ottawa, Canada) = 61
• Non-CO₂ gaseous emissions from upstream oil and gas operations in Nigeria / I. B. Obioh ; A. F. Oluwole ; F. A. Akeredolu(Environmental Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria) = 67
• Global methane emissions from the world coal industry / P. C. Thakur ; I. J. Graham-Bryce ; W. G. Karis ; K. M. Sullivan(Shell Coal International Ltd, London, United Kingdom) = 73
• Emission database for global atmospheric research(Edgar) / J. G. J. Olivier ; A. F. Bouwman ; C. W. M. van der Maas(RIVM, Bilthoven) ; J. J. M. Berdowski(TNO, Delft, The Netherlands) = 93
• Anthropogenic emissions of methane and nitrous oxide in the Federal Republic of Germany / M. Sch$$ddot o$$n ; R. Walz(Fraunhofer-Institute for Systems and Innovation Research(FhG-ISI), Karlsruhe, Germany) = 107
• Emission inventory for Nigeria with CAREAIR / R. K. Laing(Institute of Energy Economics and the Rational Use of Energy(IER), University of Stuttgart) ; I. B. Obioh(Environmental Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria) = 115
• Studies on source strengths and sinks
• Consumption of methane by soils / C. Due$$\tilde n$$as ; M. C. Ferna$$a'$$ndez ; J. Carretero ; M. P$$e'$$rez ; E. Liger(University of M$$a'$$laga, Spain) = 125
• CH₄ and CO emissions from rice straw burning in South East Asia / B. C. Nguyen ; J. P. Putaud ; N. Mihalopoulos(Centre des Faibles Radioactivit$$e'$$s, Laboratoire mixte CNRS-CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette, France) ; B. Bonsang(University of Crete, Greece) ; C. Doan(Institute of Ecology, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet-Nam) = 131
• Methane in ocean waters : concentration and carbon isotope variability at East Pacific Rise and in the Arabian Sea / E. Faber ; P. Gerling U. Berner ; E. Sohns(Fed. Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources(BGR), Hannover, Germany) = 139
• Nitrous oxide emission out of grassland / O. Van Cleemput ; A. Vermoesen ; C. J. de Groot ; K. van Ryckeghem(University of Ghent, Belgium) = 145
• Emissions of NO and N₂O from soils / U. Skiba ; D. Fowler(Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Bush Estate, Penicuik) ; K. Smith(SAC／University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh School of Agriculture, UK) = 153
• Nitrous oxide emissions from waste water / W. Debruyn ; G. Lissens ; J. van Rensbergen ; M. Wevers(VITO, Mol, Belgium) = 159
• Sources of hydrochlorofluorocarbons, hydrofluorocarbons and fluorocarbons and their potential emissions during the next twenty five years / A. McCulloch(ICI Chemicals & Polymers Ltd., Runcorn, United Kingdom) = 167
• Biosphere atmosphere exchanges : Ozone and aerosol dry deposition velocities over a pine forest / E. Lamaux ; A. Labatut ; J. Fontan ; A. Lopez ; A. Druilhet(Universit$$e'$$ Paul Sabatier, Toulouse) ; Y. Brenet(Laboratoire de Bioclimatologie, Villenave d'Ornon, France) = 175
• Laboratory study of the emission of NO and N₂O from some Belgian soils / C. J. de Groot ; A. Vermoesen ; O. van Cleemput(University of Ghent, Belgium) = 183
• Monitoring and Methodology
• Inspection of non-CO₂ greenhouse gases from emission sources and in ambient air by fourier-transform-infrared-spectrometry : measurements with FTIS-MAPS / K. Sch$$\ddot a$$fer(Fraunhofer Institute of Atmospheric Environmental Research, Garmisch-Partenkirchen) ; R. Haus ; J. Heland(Fraunhofer Institute of Atmospheric Environmental Research, Berlin, Germany) = 191
• Determination of European methane emissions, using concentration and isotope measurements / R. Eisma ; A. T. Vermeulen ; W. M. Kieskamp(Netherlands Energy Research Foundation(ECN), Petten, and Utrecht University, The Netherlands) = 197
• Monitoring of the atmospheric burdens of CH₄, N₂O, CO, CHCIF₂ and CF₂Cl₂ above Central Europe during the last decade / R. Zander(Ph. Demoulin) ; E. Mahieu(Institute of Astrophysics, University of Li$$\bprime e$$ge, Belgium) = 203
• Polar volatile organic compounds(VOC) of natural origin as precursors of ozone / P. Ciccioli ; A. Cecinato ; E. Brancaleoni ; A. Bracchetti ; M. Frattoni(Institutue for Atmospheric Research C. N. R. Rome, Italy) = 211
• Measurements of CHCs in Antarctica / F. Bruner ; F. Mangani ; M. Maione(University of Urbino, Italy) = 219
• Precursors of the surface ozone and their relationship with meteorological parameters in Athens-Greece / C. Varotsos(University of Athens, Greece) = 225
• Krypton-85, a Minor greenhouse gas precursor / W. R. A. Goossens ; J. B. H. F. van Rensbergen(VITO, Mol, Belgium) = 231
• Modelling : budgets and lifetimes
• Simulation of the observed stratospheric temperature trends 1967-1987 over Antarctica due to ozone hole deepening / R. van Dorland ; J. P. F. Fortuin(KNMI, De Bilt, The Netherlands) = 237
• Implications for atmospheric composition and climate of IS92 emissions scenarios / M. S. Krol(RIVM, Bilthoven, The Netherlands) = 247
• Impact of increased methane emissions on the atmospheric composition and related rediative forcing on the climate system / D. A. Hauglustaine(University of Paris, France) ; C. Granier ; G. P. Brasseur(Nat, Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado) = 253
• Contribution of tropical biomass burning to the global budget of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and tropospheric ozone / B. Bonsang ; M. Kanakidou(Centre des Faibles Radioactivit$$e'$$s, Gif sur Yvette, France) ; C. Boissard(Lancaster University, United Kingdom) = 261
• Determination of global scale emissions of atmospheric methane using an inverse modeling method / R. Hein(Max Planck Inst. For Chemistry, Mainz) ; M. Heimann(Max Planck Inst. for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany) = 271
• Greenhouse coefficients dependent on rates-of-change / M. K. Wallis(University of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom) = 283
• The estimation of global warming potentials for a range of radiatively active gases / R. Derwent(Meteorological Office, Bracknell, Berkshire, United Kingdom) = 289
• Tropospheric ozone and the greenhouse effect / M. Roemer ; D. van den Hout ; P. Builtjes(TNO Environmental Sciences, Delft, The Netherlands) = 301
• Surface catalysed conversion of NO₂ : New source of atmospheric N₂O? / P. Wiesen ; J. Kleffmann ; R. Kurtenbach ; K. H. Becker(Bergische Universit$$\ddot a$$t, Wuppertal, Germany) = 311
• Technological Options for Industrial Sources
• N₂O Reduction in coal flames by staged combustion / J. Arthkamp ; H. Kremer(Ruhr University Bochum, Germany) = 317
• Landfill gas formation, recovery and emission in the Netherlands / H. Oonk(TNO Institute for Environment and Energy Technology, Apeldoorn, The Netherlands) = 323
• Methane emissions from Russian gas supply and measures to control them / W. Zittel(Ludwig-B$$\ddot o$$lkow-Systemtechnik GmbH, Ottobrunn, Germany) = 329
• Development of CH₄-, N₂O-, CO-, HCFC's, VOC-, $$NO_x$$- emissions from passenger cars in the Federal Republic of Germany from 1970 to 2010 / N. Metz(BMW AG, M$$\ddot u$$nchen, Germany) = 335
• Nitrous oxide from solid fuel combustion : contribution to national inventories in the UK, France and Germany / G. Fynes ; I. S. C. Hughes ; P. W. Sage(Coal Research Establishment, Stoke Orchard, Gloucester-shire, United Kingdom) = 345
• Reduction of fugitive methane from the gas transmission system of the N. V. Nederlandse Gasunie / P. Coors ; T. Veenstra ; R. Janssen-van Rosmalen(N. V. Nederlandse Gasunie, Groningen, The Netherlands) = 351
• Dynamic viscosity and thermal conductivity prediction of environmentally safe refrigerants / G. Latini ; F. Polonara(University of Ancona, Italy) = 357
• Thermal hydrogenolysis of the perhaloalkanes CBrCIF₂ and BrCF₂CF₂Br / H. J. P. de Lijser ; Z. Chvatal ; P. Mulder ; W. B. van Scheppingen ; R. Louw(University of Leiden, Center for Chemistry and the Environment, The Netherlands) = 363
• The floating bed reactor ; a new reactor type for efficient catalytic removal of $$NO_x$$ / L. H. J. Vredenbregt ; P. Lodder ; G. D. Enoch ; F. J. J. G. Janssen(KEMA, Arnhem, The Netherlands) = 369
• Reduction of greenhouse gases emissions in Romania, by reabilitation the aged power plants based on a new circulating fluidized bed combustion technology - CFBC / L. Dragos ; C. Flueraru(Power Equipment Engineering Company - ICPET SA, Bucharest ; G. Jinescu(Polytechnic University of Bucharest, Romania) = 377
• Technical options for Biotic Sources
• Methane emission studies and estimate from Indian paddy fields / D. C. Parachar et al(National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India) = 389
• Methane emissions of China : Agricultural sources and mitigation options / L. Erda ; D. Hongmin ; L. Yue(Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China) = 405
• Potential of controlled anaerobic wastewater treatment in order to reduce the global emissions of methane and carbon dioxide / M. J. Lexmond ; G. Zeeman(Agricultural University of Wageningen, The Netherlands) = 411
• Nitrous oxide flux from fertilised grassland : strategies for reducing emissions / I. McTaggart ; K. Smith(Scottish Agricultural College) ; H. Clayton(University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK) = 421
• Emissions of nitrous oxide(N₂O) / C. Kroeze ; A. F. Bouwman(RIVM, Bilthoven, The Netherlands) = 427
• Nitrous oxide production and consumption in peat soils / C. A. Langeveld ; J. E. Hofman(Wageningen Agricultural University, The Netherlands) = 433
• Nitrous oxide emission from grasslands on sand, clay and peat soils in The Netherlands / G. L. Velthof ; O. Oenema(Nutrient Management Institute, Wageningen, The Netherlands) = 439
• Emission of N-trace gases from soils of spruce stands in the Black Forest / H. Hermann ; R. Nordhaus ; P. D$$\ddot o$$rsch ; H. Papen(Fraunhofer-institute for Atmospheric Environmental Research, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany) = 445
• Policy Options for Non-CO₂ Greenhouse Gases
• The EC-position with respect to non-CO₂ greenhouse gases / G. Strongylis ; N. Ahl(Commission of the European Communities, DG XI, Brussels, Belgium) = 447
• Non CO₂ Greenhouse gases : time to act now / B. Metz ; R. Wams(Directorate Air & Energy, Ministry of Environment, The Hague, The Netherlands) = 455
• Non-CO₂ GHGs, agriculture and policy options / P. J. Anid ; W. G. Sombroek(Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy) = 475
• Implementing the comprehensive approach under the FCCC : and assessment of alternatives / H. Heageveld(Environment Canada, Toronto) ; L. Berthiaume(Environment Canada, Ottawa) ; P. Sol(Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, Canada) = 487
• Emission reduction of volatile organic compounds : the draft proposal of the Commission of the European Communities with regard to emissions due to the use of organic solvents in certain processes and industrial installations / M. Wolf(Commission of the European Communities, DG XI, Brussels, Belgium) ; K. H. Zierock(Environmental Consultant, Berlin, Germany) = 493
• Energy technology options for integrated reduction of greenhouse gases / J. R. Ybema ; P. A. Okken ; T. Kram(ECN, Petten, The Netherlands) = 499
• Possibilities of control of methane and nitrous oxide emissions in the European Economic Community(EEC) / B. Oudart(CITEPA, Paris) ; Ch. Houllier(AIF Services Sud-Ouest, Toulouse Cedex, France) = 505
• Methane emissions and control in the Netherlands / A. R. van Amstel(RIVM, Bilthoven, The Netherlands) = 515
• Solving the precautionary paradox : policy approaches to improve measurement of greenhouse gas sources and sinks / J. B. Wiener(Duke University, Durham, United States of America) = 527
• Scenarios for global and Dutch use of hydrofluorocarbons(HFCs) and their consequences for global warming / J. G. J. Olivier ; C. Kroeze ; A. C. J. M. Matthijsen ; H. J. van der Woerd(RIVM, Bilthoven, The Netherlands) = 533
• Verification and implementation review of climate change commitments relating to methane emissions / O. Greene ; J. Salt(University of Bradford, United Kingdom) = 543
• Authors index = 549
• Subject index = 553