인간 오류와 안전에 대한 심리학적 조망 = A Psychological Perspective on Human Errors and Safety

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Based on a multitude of large-scaled systems, the modern society has increasingly suffered disasters caused by safety accidents. There has been a long standing debate as to whether systems or humans are more responsible for those accidents. First of all, this article discusses psychological factors involved in investigating human errors in safety accidents, revolving on attribution and bias in judgement. Next, the article classifies human errors into five subgroups: slips, lapses, situation mistakes, rule violations, and misjudgments. In addition the article describes the psychological characteristic that is involved with each subgroup and the psychological processes involved in human errors are considered in relation to the stages of human actions. Understanding human errors provides many implications on the enhancement of safety; therefore the article suggests significant points concerning the enhancement of safety in five subcategories: safety design, task structures, increasing safety behaviors, safety knowledge and training, and attitudes and norms. Because safety enhancement starts with correctly identifying causes of accidents, instead of making human scapegoats as the responsible for accidents, it is necessary to understand characteristics of human errors and to strengthen effective measures for safety.

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