황재기 교수 정년퇴임 기념 논집 / 제 3 부 경제 도시 지리 / 두만강 ( 도문강 ) 유역 토지자원 종합평가 - 수출자유지역단지개발을 중심으로 - = In Honour of Prof. Jae-Ki Hwang Upon His Retirement / An Evaluation of Land / Soil Resource in Tumen River Area : For the Development of the Export Processing Zones

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The main purpose of this study is to identify best location for establishing an Export Process Zone (EPZ) based on analysis of population, industries, resources, and land use patterns along lower Tumen River area which is known as the new multi-nation cooperative project under sponsorship of UNDP. Two methods were used in this study; one was an overview survey of the related variables through field work and the general economic evaluation of resource potential; the other one is the development of land resource evaluation system and land use map construction using satellite TM image, and mapping analysis of locational index based on GIS method. The study area selected includes Tumen city, Hunchun city, and Jing Xin area, which are geographically suitable for the development. In both the winter of 1997 and the summer of 1998 extensive field work was conducted with the Chinese partners. Among the major variables of population, industries, resources, and land use for EPZ, population in the urban area has rapidly increased as a whole, but decreased in the rural sector. Additionally, the number of Chinese-Koreans has gradually out-migrated, and the labor market in this given region is becoming unstable even though over 60% of population included non-agricultural occupation. Water resource, energy source, forests are indicating high potentiality for future development, but other industrial structures are not enough to support the operation of EPZ in general. Except for the heavy forest area, the result of land resource evaluation in most areas was classified as First Class with high quality. Traditional land use maps provides very limited information of the spatial organization, but TM land use image gives practical information because of precision and spatial linkage. Using GIS techniques, three types of locational patterns for potential development area were produced. Among them, the analysis based on the natural break point is identified as the appropriate result. In order to discover the locational advantage for EPZ, two methods out of the three (TM land use image and integrated map by GIS) were mutually complementary in terms of practical usefulness and functional linkage. Actually, TM land use image provided an infra-base for understanding dynamic land use patterns. Furthermore, it reveals the spatial relationship between arable land and grass, which is difficult to find in ordinal land use maps. On the other hand, even though GIS potential map uses a relatively large scale cell(1km x 1km) as analysis unit of area, its final map provides a practical base for the priority over the judgement of the best EPZ location. In conclusion, among three areas surveyed along the Tumen River area, Hunchun city and its surrounding area was identified as the best site for the EPZ establishment, Tumen and Jing Xin area were considered equally second best sites. The evaluation methods used and developed in this research were feasible but need further modification through other area case studies.