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3. Ge...
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In order to analyze the horizontally curved bridges with composite tee section, it is necessary to determine the torsional properties, previously, the concrete section of concrete slab was changed into steel section with a concept of transformed area and it was regarded as an element of thin-walled member.
But in general the main element governing the torsional behavior of the member is solid concrete section rather than thin steel section, therefore most of external forque is resisted by the concrete slab.
In this regards, the general equations were obtained to determine the torsional properties in a composite tee section in this paper, and some comparisons have made to verify the differences between the concept of thin-walled member and solid member.