The elastic analytical methods have been applied to caculate the deflections of piles which are whithin the range of the elastic compression of the soil caused by the lateral loading on the piles. However, these analytical methods can be extended beyo...
The elastic analytical methods have been applied to caculate the deflections of piles which are whithin the range of the elastic compression of the soil caused by the lateral loading on the piles. However, these analytical methods can be extended beyond the elastic range to analyes movements where the soil yield plastically up to and beyomd the stage of shear failure. This can be done by employing the artifice of 'p-y' curves, which represent the deformation of the soil st any given depth below the soil surface for a range of horizontally applied pressures from zero to the stage of yielding of the soil in ultimate of the shape and siffneaa of the piles and represent the deformation of a discrete vertical area of soil that is unaffected by loading above and below it.