핀란드, 미국, 한국 학생의 기대교육포부 수준과 학업성취도의 관계: 부모의 SES 집단 비교를 중심으로 = The relationship between the level of educational aspiration and academic achievement of students in Finland, the United States, and Korea: Focused on the comparison of parents’ SES groups

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study attempted to find out how the level of educational ambition of students in Finland, the United States, and Korea varies depending on the high and low SES of parents in order to understand the situation in Korea, where the number of low-achievement students is increasing, and the overall decline in academic achievement in the recent PISA academic achievement evaluation. To this end, the response data of PISA data in 2018 were used, and analysis was conducted using STATA 14. The analysis results are as follows: First, the disparities in academic achievement among Finland, the United States, and South Korea demonstrate a correlation with each nation's welfare system and societal attitudes towards education. Finland's high level of academic success is attributed to its social-democratic welfare system and the egalitarian nature of educational opportunities, whereas the liberal system of the United States has resulted in educational inequality and lower levels of achievement. Second, students with a high level of educational aspirations showed higher academic achievement reaffirming the results of previous studies that educational aspirations positively affect students’ motivation and are related to academic achievement. Third, in Finland, the United States, and Korea, students in the group with high parents’ SES were higher than those with low levels of educational aspirations, and the level of educational aspirations had a more significant impact on academic achievement. Students with low parental SES are likely to perceive their future success as low and neglect their efforts to study. This study is meaningful in that it enhances understanding of the relationship between educational aspirations and academic achievement among countries, compares the impact of parents' SES on students' educational aspirations and academic achievement, and provides essential information to help determine domestic education and social welfare policies.