한국성인의 자기 기술과 아동기 회상에 관한 발달적 연구 = Developmental Study on Korean Adult's Self-Description and Earliest Childhood Recollection

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study examined the characteristics of self-descriptions and earliest childhood recollection of Korean Adults in terms of gender and age, in order to understand the interactive relation between the self-construal and autobiographical memory from life-span and socio-constructive developmental perspective. Korean Adults aged from 20' to 50' (N=352) were asked to make self-description on a shortened 20 Statements Test and to report their earliest memories by filling out questionnaires on memory. As the result of analyzing the earliest memory, the average age at earliest memory of Korean adults was 4.8 years. They reported more positive and mild emotion in their memories. The younger reported earlier memories. Males and the younger reported more shortened and less other-related memories. The analysis for self-description of Korean adults, showed that both males and females placed more emphasis on individual attributes in describing themselves and that males and the younger reported more individual attributes and less other-related attributes. Finally, the results showed that the more relational self-construal they have, the more other-related and less emotional memories they provided and that the more positive self-evaluation they provided, the less emotional memories they reported.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 성과 연령에 따라 성인들의 자기 기술과 아동기 회상이 어떻게 달라지는지를 살펴보고, 사회적 구성물로서의 자기와 자전적 기억 간의 관계를 고찰하였다. 이를 위해 20대에서 50대에 속하는 성인 남녀 352명을 대상으로, 단축형 문장완성검사를 통해 자기-기술을 하게 하고 기억 질문지를 통해 최초 아동기 기억을 보고하게 하였다. 최초 기억의 특성을 분석한 결과, 한국 성인들이 보고한 최초 아동기 기억 나이는 4세 8개월이었고, 긍정적 정서와 중간 강도의 정서가 특징적이었다. 연령이 낮을수록 더 이른 시기에 경험한 최초 기억을 보고했으며, 남성과 낮은 연령의 사람들이 최초 기억을 보다 짧게 보고했고, 타인을 낮은 비율로 언급하는 경향이 있었다. 한국 성인들의 자기 기술 내용을 분석한 결과, 남녀 모두 개인적 자기를 가장 많이 언급하였고, 연령이 어릴수록, 그리고 남성이 높은 개인적 자기와 낮은 관계적 자기를 보고했다. 자전적 기억과 자기 간의 관계성을 살펴본 결과, 개인적 자기 성향이 높은 사람일수록, 기억에서 자신에 비해 타인을 언급하는 비율이 낮고, 정서와 관련된 언급을 더 하는 것으로 나타났으며 긍정적인 자기평가 경향은 정서를 덜 언급하는 것과 관련되었다. 본 연구에서 밝혀진 결과를 서구에서 실시된 선행 연구 결과와 비교하여 논의함으로써, 기억과 자기가 함께 구성되며 이러한 양방향적인 과정이 개인의 전생애적인 발달을 통해 일어남을 살펴보았다.

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