아동의 시선이해 발달과 마음이론과의 관계 = Children's understanding of gaze-direction and its relation with theory of mind

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study aimed at examining children's ability to understand gaze-direction and its relation with theory of mind. Specifically, we investigated the ability to understand gaze-direction as a mental state represented by the external world. Eighty 3-, 4-, 5-, 7-year old children participated in this study. Children were presented with five different kinds of gaze-direction tasks, along with appearance-reality and false-belief to see whether the gaze-direction would relate to those tasks, which have been used to assess the child’s theory of mind and his representational understanding. The result showed that the child’s ability to represent gaze-direction increased with age and the performance on the gaze-direction task (looking-at-you) were significantly correlated with that of appearance-reality and false-belief. The result suggests that children develop representational understanding of gaze-direction between 3 and 4 years old. The significant correlation between gaze-direction task (looking-at-you) and false-belief task implies that representational understanding of gaze-direction would develop as a part of theory of mind.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 아동의 시선이해의 발달을 살펴보고 시선이해와 마음이론의 관계를 연구하였다. 특히 시선이해연구에서는 아동이 시선을 외부세계를 표상하는 내적 마음 상태와 관련시켜 이해하는지 알아보았다. 3세, 4세, 5세, 7세 아동 각각 20명씩 총 80명이 연구에 참여하였다. 시선의 표상적 이해를 측정하기 위해 4종류의 시선응시과제와 1개의 통제과제를 실시하였다. 또한 시선이해와 마음이론이 관련이 있는지 알아보기 위해 마음의 표상적 이해를 측정하는데 빈번하게 사용되고 있는 틀린 믿음과 외양-실제구분 과제를 함께 실시하여 상관관계를 분석하였다. 결과를 살펴보면, 시선의 이해는 표상이 발달하는 3세와 4세 사이에 발달하며, 틀린 믿음과 외양-실제구분과 비슷한 시기에 발달적 변화를 보였다. 시선의 이해는 틀린 믿음과 외양-실제구분 과제 둘 다와 유의미한 상관을 보였는데, 이 결과는 시선의 이해가 마음이론의 일부로 발달한다는 것을 보여준다.

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