요셉 보이스 (Joseph Beuys)의 작품에 나타난 그리스도교적 상징과 의식 = Christian Symbols and Ritual s in the Works of Joseph Beuys

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper explores the Joseph Beuys` (1921~1986) conceptual approaches to sculpture/drawing/performance/installation works, which employ various materials and techniques revealing christian symbols and rituals. By carefully examining some interesting themes such as the concept of suffering, death and resurrection, amongst other thing, respectively, this paper argues the spiritual and intellectual legacy of cross, Christ impulse, incarnation and transubstantiation with which Beuys` works have engaged. Such Beuys` fascination with the physical and spiritual transformation, like incarnation and transubstantiation in a more religious context, was influenced by the theories of Rudolf Steiner (1861～1925), the founder of anthroposophy who developed his philosophical ideas through christian, ecological and physical perspective. All Beuys` works on christian symbols and rituals can be traced back to the cognitive science of Steiner, who tried to define new concepts like Christ impulse and the substance of Christ com ined with his belief - the change of material`s state by temperature - which became the in Beuys theory of sculpture. As a result of his influence from the theory of Steiner, he came to put flexible materials like wax, fat, blood, honey and chocolate which showed the relationship between solidity and liquidity to reveal the invisible energy, the warmth character. What interested Beuys most was the warmth characteristic which is to be revealed in fat, wax and blood. By increasing his interest in symbolic religious properties, Beuys extended his early theory of social sculpture and secularized those theological concepts and meanings for his extended concept of art asserting the man`s potential spirituality and the creativity. The aim of Beuys` fundamental mandate of his sculptural theory,Everyone is an artist, is to make people realize that the creativity should be not defined as the realm of artists, but that everyone should heal the society by developing creative thinking in their own lives.