Economic education at schools is deeply related to the comprehensive goal of social studies education as it is one of social studies education’s sub-categories. Therefore, it is necessary to incorporate economic education when considering the goal o...
Economic education at schools is deeply related to the comprehensive goal of social studies education as it is one of social studies education’s sub-categories. Therefore, it is necessary to incorporate economic education when considering the goal of citizenship education, which is to develop desirable democratic citizens. As such, the current education curriculum sets the goal of economic education as, “Cultivating the qualities of a democratic citizen necessary to carry out one’s individual and social economic role by means of structured economic knowledge, intellectual capacity, and values.” Among these qualities necessary to carry out the economic role of a democratic citizen, this study focuses on the “value and attitude” aspect, in particular, the “attitude towards market economy.”
In order to properly carry out one’s economic role in our current society, which is based on a capitalist market economy, it is essential to thoroughly understand what the market economy system is and how it operates. In addition to this cognitive aspect, this study assumes that creating a desirable attitude towards market economy is also an essential part of economic education.
With this in mind, this study aims to positively clarify what the attitudes of Korea’s adolescents toward market economy are, and how these attitudes are related to the different individual, socio-economic, and economic-educational environments the individual students are placed in. The specific research questions are as follows:
First, what are Korea’s adolescents’ attitudes toward market economy?
Second, what are the determinants that influence Korea’s adolescents’ attitudes toward market economy?
To answer these questions, a survey was performed on 1,861 elementary, middle, and high school students in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. First, the students were inquired about the positive or negative attitudes they had toward market economy. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine the extent to which the individual, socio-economic, and experiential backgrounds of students influenced the formation of those attitudes. The following briefly sums up the research conclusions drawn through the abovementioned survey and analysis.
First, a negative attitude towards market economy was more prevalent than a positive attitude in almost every group of students. Second, more male students held positive attitudes toward market economy than did female students, and also the negative attitudes toward market economy escalated with age. Third, the higher the school grade or the grade in Economics were, the more negative attitude the student had toward market economy. Fourth, the wealthier the family was, the more positive attitude the student had toward market economy. Fifth, the more exposure the student had to economy-related news, the more negative attitude the student had toward market economy. Also, enforcing the students to keep an account book for their allowances decreased negative attitudes in special-purpose high schools, while it intensified negative attitudes in vocational high schools. Lastly, economy-related extracurricular activities decreased negative attitudes toward market economy among elementary school students.
Based on these conclusions this study suggests the following for schools’ economic education and follow-up study.
First, this study has its significance in the fact that it suggests a new direction for schools’ economic education. In other words, this study points to the importance of focusing not only on the cognitive aspects of economic education, but also on the affective aspects of it. As the aforementioned research analysis has demonstrated, adolescents generally hold a negative attitude toward market economy. Thus, an educational effort must be put forth in order to intensify positive attitudes toward market economy and reduce the negative attitudes.
Second, this study suggests an important food for thought not only for education but for our society and economy as a whole. Educational effort put forth by schools and teachers to intensify positive attitude toward market economy can be, at large, limited. Therefore, a larger effort must be made by the entire society to face economic problems such as inequality and polarization and to solve these problems.
Based on the limitations of this study, the following advices are given for follow-up study.
First, in order to gather a more comprehensive understanding of adolescents’ attitudes toward market economy, a more diverse sampling is required on a national scale. This study is limited in the fact that it cannot assert conclusions about the attitudes students not included in the sampling have toward market economy; especially, those of the students in more rural areas, lower classmen of elementary school, and adolescents with multi-cultural background. Thus, it is imperative for the follow-up study to find out the attitudes the adolescents from geographically, culturally, and economically neglected backgrounds have toward our society and economy.
Second, surveys have their limits in understanding affective aspects such as attitudes and values. Therefore, it is necessary to perform qualitative research on diverse adolescent groups in order to find out the attitudes of adolescents toward real-life economic activities, and to seek a deeper understanding of their perceptions of market economy and capitalism.
The students that we teach in schools today will be the economic entities that lead our future society. It will be extremely difficult, if not impossible, for these adolescents to formulate and manage a more mature market economy until they embody the proper attitudes toward market economy that dictate today’s economic activities.