Nowadays, most governments are racing to modernize their administration by making use of information technology. Developing countries are no exception to this global trend and have invested heavily in introducing e-government systems. Some economies h...
Nowadays, most governments are racing to modernize their administration by making use of information technology. Developing countries are no exception to this global trend and have invested heavily in introducing e-government systems. Some economies have prioritized the adoption of the e-customs system among various types of e-government systems. Most members of the United Nations already have automated customs systems. Nevertheless, e-government as a research area is still evolving. In this field, past studies have been interested in the results, rather than in the process involved in such projects, and have had scarce theoretical backgrounds. Moreover, there has been a lack of studies examining e-government and e-customs systems in developing countries. Hence, this study aims to contemplate the implementation of the e-customs system and process, in depth, with due consideration of high failure rates of e-government projects in developing countries. To look into the context with a holistic view, I apply the extended Design-Reality Gap model to the new automated e-customs system, named as TANCIS, in Tanzania. This study reveals the gaps between the expectations of the design and the reality that the developers faced during the implementation stage of TANCIS, in line with the OPTIMISM dimensions. My findings show that the implementation of TANCIS was successful, and that it was possible due to the small Design-Reality Gap. Moreover, it was found that user experience of system usage and partnership between the implementer and the user could positively affect the construction. Therefore, this study contributes to e-government research by using the Design-Reality Gap theory to systematically assess the progress of the deployment of the e-customs system in developing countries. Further, this study aims at applying the extended approach, including milieu, to the original dimensions of successful e-government projects, so that it contributes to reinforcing the model.