Educational governance and administration

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• Preface = xiii
• PART Ⅰ THE CONTEXT FOR SCHOOLING IN AMERICA
• 1. Public Values and School Policy : The Roots of Conflict = l
• Test Scores in Cotton County = 3
• Public Values and School Policy = 7
• Summary = 17
• References = 18
• 2. Issues Shaping School Policy and Administration = 19
• School Autonomy and Governmental Control = 20
• Legislated Learning and Bureaucratic Teaching = 22
• Teacher Career Ladders and Merit Pay = 26
• Maintaining Public Confidence = 30
• Managing Public Confidence = 32
• Summary = 33
• References = 34
• 3. A Demographic Portrait of Schooling in America = 36
• The Scope and Scale of Teaching and Schooling in America = 37
• Teachers and Administrators = 40
• A Portrait of Students = 41
• Population Shifts and Trends = 43
• Distribution of Poor and Minorities Across the Schooling Landscape = 46
• Future Projections, Trends, Problems = 51
• Policy Implications for Excellence and Equity = 52
• References = 53
• PART Ⅱ INTRODUCTION TO EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATION
• 4. Educational Administration : An Overview = 54
• Policy and Policy in Use = 56
• Administration Defined = 57
• Critical Responsibilities of Administrators = 59
• Evaluating Administrators = 63
• Dimensions and Measures of School Effectiveness = 66
• Critical Administrative Processes = 66
• Critical Administrative Skills = 69
• Educational Administration as Educational Leadership = 71
• Managerial, Political, and Educational Roles = 71
• Qualitative Aspects of Leadership = 73
• The Substance of Leadership in Education = 75
• Educational Administration as an Emerging Profession = 77
• Measuring Up as a Profession = 82
• Negative Effects of Professionalism = 85
• The Status of Women in Administration = 86
• Summary = 90
• References = 91
• 5. The Development of Thought in Educational Administration = 94
• Models of Administrative Practice = 95
• Major Strands of Thought in Administration = 97
• Concern for Efficiency = 99
• Scientific Management and the Efficiency Model = 100
• Bureaucratic Theories and the Efficiency Model = 105
• Concern for the Person = 108
• Human Relations and the Person View = 109
• Human Resources and the Person View = 111
• The Rational-Mechanistic-Organic Metaphors = 114
• Political and Decisionmaking Views = 115
• Planning and Decisionmaking as Examples = 122
• The Cultural Perspective in Educational Administration : An Emerging View = 124
• The Problem of Coordination in Loosely Structured Schools = 125
• Leadership Within the Cultural Perspective = 126
• School Culture Building = 127
• The Science of Administration = 129
• Educational Administration as an Applied Science = 133
• A Reflective Practice Perspective = 135
• Summary = 136
• References = 137
• 6. Putting Theories to Use = 140
• The Usefulness of Theories = 140
• A Sense of Order and a Sense of Wonder = 153
• References = 155
• 7. Administrative Work, Roles, and Tasks = 156
• A Descriptive View of Educational Administration = 158
• The Work-Activity School : An Alternative View = 162
• The Nature of Managerial Work : Mintzberg = 163
• Variations in Administrators' Work = 171
• The Characteristics of Administrative Work = 174
• Time as a Scarce Resource = 176
• Summary = 178
• References = 179
• PART Ⅲ INTRODUCTION TO GOVERNANCE IN EDUCATION
• 8. The School as a Political Organization = 180
• The Four Values Revisited = 181
• Reconciling Interests : The Problem of Collective Choice = 182
• A Closer Look at "Policy" = 186
• Influence, Power, and Authority Patterns = 189
• Community Power Structure = 192
• The Interests of Students and Parents = 193
• Teachers and Their Organizations = 195
• Minority Interests = 198
• Other Education Interests = 200
• The Role of the Public = 201
• Summary = 202
• References = 203
• 9. Policy Making in the Local School District = 204
• The Locus of Authority at the Local Level = 206
• Policymakers at the Local Level = 207
• School Board Politics = 210
• Three Versions of the Policy Process = 217
• Collective Bargaining = 219
• Referenda = 220
• Summary = 223
• References = 224
• 10. The Influence of the Federal Government = 225
• The Early History of Federal Involvement = 226
• The Federal Role After World War Ⅱ = 227
• Categorical Aid For Economic and Social Problems = 230
• Exit Equity, Enter Excellence = 230
• The Reagan Agenda = 231
• The Federal Education Establishment Today = 233
• Summary = 238
• References = 239
• 11. The New State Role in American Education = 240
• The Changing Role of the State = 241
• Interest Groups at the State Level = 245
• Federal, State, and Local Relations = 247
• The Centralization-Decentralization Issue = 249
• Summary = 250
• References = 251
• PART Ⅳ A CULTURAL VIEW OF SCHOOLING AND ADMINISTRATION
• 12. Living and Working in Schools = 252
• The Cultural Perspective = 253
• The Regularities of School Life = 256
• Situational Adjustments of Living in Schools = 259
• Changes Generated by Living in Schools = 260
• The Use of Ceremonies, Rituals, and Stories to Provide Continuity = 261
• Schools and Their Artifacts = 263
• Implications for Future Study and Policy = 265
• References = 266
• 13. The School Superintendency = 267
• Historical Overview of the Role = 268
• Becoming A Superintendent : Professional Socialization = 271
• Capturing a Superintendency : Insiders and Outsiders = 273
• The School Board : Issues of Style Versus Content = 274
• The Role of Conflict = 275
• A Career and Its Rewards = 279
• Implications for Future Study and Policy = 280
• References = 281
• 14. The School Principalship = 282
• Historical Overview of the Role = 283
• Becoming A Principal : Professional Socialization = 283
• The Multiple Ways of Playing the Role : Autonomy = 285
• The Constraints of Playing the Role : Teachers and Neighborhoods = 287
• The Principal as Leader or as Maintainer = 288
• With a Little Help From My Friends : Principals Associations and the Problematic Elements of the Role = 295
• The Principalship as a Career = 296
• Implications for Future Study and Policy = 296
• References = 297
• PART Ⅴ LEGAL AND FINANCIAL CONSIDERATIONS
• 15. Public Schools and the Law : The Supreme Court and Federal Constitutional Standards = 299
• Legal Analysis = 300
• Legal Sources of School Law = 301
• The Federal System and Multiple Jurisdictions = 302
• Identifying the Legal Standard = 306
• Weight of Judicial Authority = 307
• The U. S. Supreme Court and School Law = 308
• Summary = 337
• References = 338
• 16. State Level Legal Considerations in Public School Administration = 341
• State Delegation of Authority from the State to Local Districts and State Boards of Education = 342
• Legislative Delegation of Authority = 343
• Appropriate Administrative Delegation of Authority : Redelegation = 344
• Torts(Negligence) = 348
• Contracts(Collective Bargaining) = 351
• Summary = 355
• References = 356
• PART Ⅵ DECIDING ON AN ADMINISTRATIVE CAREER
• 17. School Finance : Funding Schools for Excellence = 357
• Revenue Generation and Distribution to Public Schools = 360
• Criteria For Evaluating Different Taxes = 365
• Distribution of State Revenues to Public Schools = 368
• Alternative Distribution Models = 374
• Constitutional Challenges to State School Aid Formulas : Serrano and Its Progeny = 376
• Moving From Equity to Adequacy : Financing the School-Reform Movement = 379
• Summary = 381
• References = 381
• 18. Personal Goals and Traits and the Educational-Administrative Career = 384
• An Overview of Job Opportunities = 385
• Theories of Career Choice = 386
• Identifying Managerial Talent = 387
• The Self-Description Inventory = 389
• Considering Competencies in Administration = 393
• Life Goals and Career Planning = 405
• Qualifying for a Position = 405
• Summary = 416
• References = 417
• Index = 418