Heavy metals released into environments through human activities including mining, transportation, pesticide, and fertilizer can be introduced to agricultural land, and threaten seriously human health and food security by translocating to crops. Stabi...
Heavy metals released into environments through human activities including mining, transportation, pesticide, and fertilizer can be introduced to agricultural land, and threaten seriously human health and food security by translocating to crops. Stabilization has been considered a promising process for reducing the mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals in agricultural soil. But chemical stabilizers negatively affect plant growth by changing the physicochemical properties of the soil. Silica (Si) is abundant in natural soil and can reduce the toxicity of heavy metals in plants. Therefore, in this study, silica encapsulation was proposed as a new stabilization process to prevent heavy metal translocation from soil to crops.
As the amorphous silica layer was generated on the soil surface, the FT-IR peak of the soil surface was converted similarly to the peak pattern of the silica gel, and the peak intensity of the XRD decreased because of the amorphous characteristics of the silica layer. The SEM-EDS analysis shows that the intensity of heavy metals (Pb, Zn, and Cu) on the surface of the silica-encapsulated soil decreased. The results show the formation of silica layer on the soil surface. Silica encapsulation reduced the TCLP-leachable as well as the bioaccessible concentration of heavy metals, which is expected to lower the translocation of heavy metals to crops from the soil. The silica encapsulation showed the effect on the decrease of mobility even in accelerated aging (wet-dry aging). In addition, silica encapsulation promoted the germination of Lactuca Sativa and Hordeum vulgare in heavy metals-contaminated soil and reduced the concentration of heavy metals deposited in barley roots. Furthermore, silica encapsulation is effective in reducing the mobility of heavy metals regardless of the physicochemical properties of the soil and the contamination level of heavy metals. These results suggest that silica encapsulation is an effective stabilization process to prevent the translocation of heavy metals from the contaminated soil to crops while maintaining the soil environment in agricultural land.