남명(南冥) 조식(曺植) 사상의 인성교육적 함의(含意) = Implication of Humanity Education in Nammyeong (南冥) Cho Shik’s (曺植) Thought

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Personality education stated in the Humanity Education Promotion Act refers to 'education aimed at cultivating the inner person and cultivating the human personality and capability necessary for healthy living with others, communities and nature'.
In Confucianism, humanity refers to the nature of In-ui-ye-ji (仁義禮智) granted from heaven. The meaning of humanity education is also in restoring the nature of In-ui-ye-ji (仁義禮智). The most important thing in restoring the nature of In-ui-ye-ji is that love for people should be laid beneath and lead to practice. As the one who has In(仁), a moral principle with which we love others like ourselves, which is learned by the body, and also has the mind of In(仁) which is permeated out of the body, has the enhanced empathy and the excellent moral empathy, he/she is willing to help with warm interest and love about the difficulties of people around him/her. Nammyeong Cho Shik, who was excellent in moral empathy, was mourning like his own misfortune as an adult of the time, when others around him were dead or had funeral ceremonies, and he was a person who worried about the country and loved the people.
When a warm heart that loves others like me is settled as a root, the rightness to distinguish the reason of things from the given situation is manifested. When selfish calculations are involved in the process of manifestation from nature, the nature is distorted and comes out as selfish greed. Gyeong(敬) should be cultivated to observe the mind at every moment and to manifest a unified mind so that it can be manifested straight and righteous from the nature. To a degree that Nammyeong would even carry Jing-Yi-sword and Seongseong-bell, he disciplined himself with Gyeong(敬) to straighten the inner surface and to set the outer action through Ui(義). Nammyeong emphasized education to acquire the essence of etiquette through the gradual and practical method of study that Confucius had emphasized.
Nammyeong, who knew exactly the flow of the time (時勢), did not enter on a dizzying official career. However, he fulfilled his social responsibility as a seonbi (scholar). Because he loved the people and was worried about the comfort of the country, he offered a timely (時宜適切) alternative through the appeal (上疏), putting his own life to contradiction and corruption in the society at the time, and he advised his disciples to prepare for the coming invasion. The disciples who were spiritually inspired by the initiative and righteousness of Nammyeong who had been an example to love the people and to dislike injustice, after studying the scholarship and following the teachings of the master, they became the heads of the army raised in the cause of justice at the outbreak of Imjin war to take the lead in saving the country's crisis. Nammyeong’s humanity education theory is a theory that does not stay in theory but leads to practice, and leaves a lot of implications for humanity education in the desperate need of one kind of correct practice today.