Vitreous and crystalline phosphate high level waste matrices: Present status and future challenges

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Vitrification is currently the most effective process for immobilization of nuclear waste. However,ubiquitous borosilicate glass is not suitable for immobilization of nuclear waste from advanced reactorssuch as Fast Breeder Reactors (FBR) because solubility of many compounds/elements existing in the spentfuel in borosilicate glasses is quite poor. In order to possess a viable immobilization strategy for wastesarising from advanced reactors, alternatives to borosilicate glasses such as phosphate glasses, glassceramicsand crystalline waste forms are being investigated. This review aims to provide an overview ofnuclear waste immobilization employing phosphate-based glasses, glass-ceramics and crystallineceramic hosts, focusing on structure and properties that make these new matrices suitable for thechallenging task of waste immobilization.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 O. P. Shrivastava, 38 (38): 357-, 2007

2 S. Pratheep Kumar, 53 (53): 421-, 2011

3 A. Bohre, 433 (433): 486-, 2013

4 A. Bohre, 10 (10): 552-, 2013

5 S. Nakayama, 40 (40): 631-, 2003

6 D. K. Agrawal, 11 (11): 3158-, 1996

7 K. Kamali, 221 : 285-, 2015

8 V. Pet'kov, 66 (66): 623-, 2001

9 A. Orlova, 44 (44): 423-, 2002

10 B. Angadi, 187 (187): 87-, 2002

11 A. Orlova, 446 (446): 232-, 2014

12 D. J. Gregg, 446 (446): 224-, 2014

13 M. Sugantha, 18 (18): 275-, 1998

14 G. Buvaneswari, 35 (35): 1313-, 2000

15 V. Pet’kov, 57 (57): 632-, 2015

16 A. Dey, 299 (299): 19-, 2014

17 A. Dey, 39 (39): 9351-, 2013

18 A. Naik, 122 (122): 71-, 2010

19 V. Pet'kov, 47 (47): 1053-, 2002

20 A. Bohre, 9 (9): 736-, 2016

21 N. Dacheux, 271 : 236-, 1998

22 N. Dacheux, 46 (46): 10390-, 2007

23 V. Brandel, 43 (43): 16-, 2001

24 P. Benard, 8 (8): 181-, 1996

25 N. Dacheux, 252 (252): 179-, 1998

26 C. Tamain, 373 (373): 378-, 2008

27 N. Dacheux, 349 (349): 291-, 2006

28 N. Clavier, 349 (349): 304-, 2006

29 A. Robisson, 306 (306): 134-, 2002

30 V. Pet'kov, 233 : 83-, 2012

31 J. Choi, 452 (452): 16-, 2014

32 J. H. Yang, 295 (295): 211-, 2013

33 L. Bozadzhiev, 43 (43): 225-, 2011

34 R. D. Rawlings, 41 (41): 733-, 2006

35 P. Loiseau, 335 (335): 14-, 2004

36 S. Kapoor, 432 : 81-, 2016

37 F. Wang, 1109 : 226-, 2016

38 J.S. Al-Sanabani, P12 : 876132-, 2013

39 P. K. Jha, 1083 : 278-, 2015

40 K. Wang, 111 (111): 106-, 2008

41 M. Karabulut, 411 : 19-, 2015

42 M. Kim, 41 (41): 6132-, 2015

43 Y. He, 376 (376): 201-, 2008

44 T. Cardinal, 33 : 597-, 1996

45 T. Unruh, 357 (357): 506-, 2011

46 F. Sene, 348 : 63-, 2004

47 L. Sirleto, 94 (94): 031105-, 2009

48 L. Ghussn, 352 (352): 3391-, 2006

49 A. El Jazouli, 73 (73): 433-, 1988

50 T. Cardinal, 222 : 228-, 1997

51 L. Koudelka, 437 : 64-, 2016

52 C. M. Chu, 357 (357): 939-, 2011

53 B. M. G. Melo, 434 : 28-, 2016

54 L. Ghussn, 41 (41): 1-, 2009

55 L. Ghussn, 50 (50): 269-, 2009

56 C. Carvalho, 48 (48): 451-, 2015

57 M. A. El-Ati, 35 (35): 6175-, 2000

58 C. Rambo, 352 (352): 3739-, 2006

59 H. Vieira, 39 (39): 1-, 2008

60 J. H. Choi, 434 : 79-, 2016

61 F. Audubert, 95 (95): 113-, 1997

62 T. Lemesle, 264 : 117-, 2014

63 C. Konidakis, 357 (357): 2684-, 2011

64 D. I. Novita, 76 (76): 184205-, 2007

65 B. K. Maji, 124 (124): 857-, 2016

66 M. A. Lewis, 76 (76): 2826-, 1993

67 B. Metcalfe, 348 : 225-, 2004

68 H. S. Park, 42 (42): 9357-, 2008

69 G. J. McCarthy, 32 (32): 92-, 1977

70 T. Lobaina, 9 (9): 029018-, 2014

71 O. Kaygili, 39 (39): 7779-, 2013

72 D. Singh, 348 (348): 272-, 2006

73 E.J. Catlos, 98 (98): 819-, 2013

74 R. Ewing, 29 (29): 63-, 1995

75 N. Dacheux, 98 : 833-, 2013

76 L. A. Boatner, 48 (48): 87-, 2002

77 S. Gallini, 17 (17): 4154-, 2005

78 S. Mian-Zeng, 207-208 : 406-, 1994

79 J. Heuser, 72 : 149-, 2014

80 K. Hukuo, 31 : 175-, 1979

81 M. Berbon, 98 (98): 1244-, 2007

82 P. Chen, 32 (32): 3863-, 1997

83 M. T. Schatzmann, 19 (19): 5720-, 2009

84 R. Asuvathraman, 581 : 54-, 2014

85 W. Li, 112 (112): 11679-, 2008

86 E. G. del Moral, 35 (35): 1481-, 2009

87 M. T. Colomer, 93 (93): 393-, 2010

88 J. M. Montel, 67 (67): 2489-, 2006

89 P. Zeng, 452 (452): 407-, 2014

90 H. Yang, 444 (444): 39-, 2014

91 S. Pratheep Kumar, 94 (94): 1008-, 2011

92 S. P. Kumar, 458 : 224-, 2015

93 O. Terra, 27 (27): 957-, 2003

94 F. Brandt, 72 : 140-, 2014

95 K. Gross, 50 (50): 74-, 2014

96 F. Audubert, 95 (95): 113-, 1997

97 K. Horie, 68 (68): 115-, 2004

98 A. Arakcheeva, 59 (59): 17-, 2003

99 E. E. Jay, 3 (3): 1164-, 2015

100 E. R. Vance, 86 (86): 1223-, 2003

101 S. Fong, 444 : 424-, 2007

102 B. L. Metcalfe, 385 (385): 485-, 2009

103 M. Jackson, 2 (2): 16157-, 2014

104 A. Coulon, (48) : 20923-, 2014

105 V. Pet'kov, 471 : 122-, 2016

106 J. Alamo, 63 : 547-, 1993

107 V. I. Pet'kov, 81 (81): 606-, 2012

108 M. Sukhanov, 47 (47): 674-, 2011

109 M. E. Kelleher, 44 (44): 359-, 2015

110 B. Scheetz, 14 (14): 489-, 1994

111 R. Roy, 17 (17): 585-, 1982

112 V. I. Pet'kov, 45 (45): 620-, 2003

113 L. O. Hagman, 22 (22): 1822-, 1968

114 O. Shrivastava, 153 (153): 285-, 2008

115 R. Chourasia, 37 (37): 103-, 2010

116 R. Chourasia, 45 (45): 533-, 2009

117 O. P. Shrivastava, 35 (35): 1147-, 2008

118 S. Stefanovsky, 81 (81): 618-, 2014

119 T. D. Tran, 96 (96): 2147-, 2013

120 R. K. Brow, 76 (76): 919-, 1993

121 L. Wüllen, 111 (111): 7529-, 2007

122 M. Remizov, 40 (40): 534-, 2014

123 T. Nishida, 242 (242): 557-, 1999

124 K. Sun, 85 (85): 597-, 2005

125 A. Zotov, 9 : 891-, 1996

126 W. J. Weber, 34 (34): 46-, 2009

127 N. Clavier, 31 (31): 941-, 2011

128 L. P. Santana, 6 (6): 38-, 2016

129 I. W. Donald, 32 (32): 5851-, 1997

130 S. R. Mallampati, 139 : 118-, 2015

131 W. Huang, 327 (327): 46-, 2004

132 L. Hatch, 41 (41): 410-, 1953

133 A. Ringwood, 278 : 219-, 1979

134 K. Zhang, 42 (42): 11387-, 2016

135 C. Meng, 51 : 5207-, 2016

136 S. Yudintsev, 58 (58): 333-, 2016

137 C. Liu, 95 (95): 2100-, 2012

138 G. J. McCarthy, 13 (13): 1239-, 1978

139 D. Clarke, 13 (13): 191-, 1983

140 C. Meng, 36 (36): 773-, 2016

141 E. H. Oelkers, 4 (4): 113-, 2008

142 R. C. Ewing, 48 (48): 673-, 2002

143 R. K. Brow, 263 : 1-, 2000

144 H. S. Jadhav, 43 (43): 11723-, 2014

145 J. K. Christie, 117 (117): 10652-, 2013

146 H. S. Park, 45 (45): 1932-, 2011

147 R. J. Kirkpatrick, 5 (5): 9-, 1995

148 B. Tiwari, 404 (404): 47-, 2009

149 L. B. Fletcher, 1 (1): 845-, 2011

150 C. E. Smith, 386 : 105-, 2014

151 P. Hee, 2 (2): 7906-, 2014

152 D. Day, 241 (241): 1-, 1998

153 P. Bingham, 355 (355): 1526-, 2009

154 M. G. Mesko, 273 (273): 27-, 1999

155 C. W. Kim, 331 (331): 20-, 2003

156 X. Yu, 215 (215): 21-, 1997

157 J. H. Hsu, 75 : 148-, 2013

158 L. Yunfei, 112 (112): 136-, 1989

159 P. Stoch, 60 (60): 133-, 2015

160 K. Joseph, 411 : 137-, 2015

161 P. Stoch, 16 (16): 19917-, 2014

162 P. Bingham, 56 (56): 226-, 2011

163 P. Sengupta, 90 (90): 3057-, 2007

164 J. H. Hsu, 444 (444): 323-, 2014

165 P. Bingham, 41 (41): 1622-, 2006

166 I. W. Donald, 348 : 118-, 2004

167 A. Mogus-Milankovic, 95 (95): 2007-, 2012

168 M. Karabulut, 357 (357): 1455-, 2011

169 M. Lu, 148 : 1-, 2015

170 D. O. Russo, 354 (354): 1541-, 2008

171 N. Kiran, 1065 : 93-, 2014

172 K. Xu, 441 (441): 262-, 2013

173 Y. Yan, 79 (79): 286-, 1996

174 I. W. Donald, 352 (352): 2993-, 2006

175 J. Egan, 261 (261): 115-, 2000

176 I.W. Donald, "Waste Immobilization in Glass and Ceramic Based Hosts:Radioactive, Toxic and Hazardous Wastes" John Wiley & Sons 2010

177 I.W. Donald, "Thermal stability and crystallization of iron phosphate based glasses" 74-, 2000

178 S. Lucas, "Synthesis and Characterization of Rare Earth Phosphate Powders" 47-, 2001

179 Hwan-Young Kim, "Study on the leaching behavior of salt waste forms prepared by using zeolite and lime glass" 한국공업화학회 15 (15): 293-298, 2009

180 E. Vance, "MRS Proceedings" Cambridge Univ. Press 289-, 1995

181 E. Vance, "MRS Proceedings" Cambridge Univ Press 431-, 1999

182 B.E. Burakov, "MRS Proceedings" Cambridge Univ. Press CC4.1-, 2004

183 J.M. Schofield, "MRS Proceedings" Cambridge Univ. Press 253-, 2008

184 H. Gan, "MRS Proceedings" Cambridge Univ. Press 287-, 1999

185 S.V. Stefanovsky, "MRS Proceedings" Cambridge Univ. Press 73-, 2015

186 A. S. Aloy, "Iron-phosphate ceramics for solidification of mixed low-level waste"

187 D.E. Day, "Iron Phosphate Glasses: An Alternative for Vitrifying Certain Nuclear Wastes" University of Missouri-Rolla 2004

188 A.S. Wagh, V. Drozd, "Inorganic phosphate corrosion resistant coatings (2013), US Patent US8557342"

189 W.E. Clark, "Immobilization of iodine in concrete (1977), US patent 4017417"

190 A.S. Wagh, "ISRN Ceram. 2013"

191 J.V. Geel, "IAEA"

192 V. Vlasov, "Handling of liquid radioactive waste from the closed nuclear fuel cycle" International Atomic Energy Agency 1987

193 D. Caurant, "Glasses, Glass-ceramics and Ceramics for Immobilization of Highly Radioactive Nuclear Wastes" Nova Science Publishers 2009

194 A. Aloy, "Glass as a Waste Form and Vitrification Technology: Summary of an International Workshop" National Academy Press 50-, 1996

195 I. Vidensky, "Environmental Issues and Waste Management Technologies in the Ceramic and Nuclear Industries VII" American Ceramic Society 141-150, 2002

196 Zhanhui Lu, "Efficient removal of europium from aqueous solutions using attapulgite-iron oxide magnetic composites" 한국공업화학회 34 : 374-381, 2016

197 S. Mizusaki, "Catalysis and proton-conduction of novel phosphate glasses" 355 (355): 960-, 2009

198 J.G. Darab, "Behavior of Simulated Hanford Slurries During Conversion to Glass, MRS Proceedings" Cambridge Univ Press 215-, 1999

199 N. K. Goel, "An optical amplifier having 5 cm long silicaclad erbium doped phosphate glass fiber fabricated by core-suction technique" 20 (20): 325-, 2014

200 M. I. Ojovan, "An Introduction to Nuclear Waste Immobilisation" Elsevier 2005

201 김태영, "Adsorption and energetic heterogeneity properties of cesium ions on ion exchange resin" 한국공업화학회 27 : 260-267, 2015

202 S. Yudintsev, "Actinide host phases as radioactive waste forms, Structural Chemistry of Inorganic Actinide Compounds" Elsevier Science B.V. 453-, 2007

203 Sang Woon Kwon, "A study on the recovery of actinide elements from molten LiCl–KCl eutectic salt by an electrochemical separation" 한국공업화학회 15 (15): 86-91, 2009

204 D.E. Day, "A Review of Iron Phosphate Glasses and Recommendations for Vitrifying Hanford Waste" Idaho National Laboratory 2013