봘도르프유치원 교육이론과 활동 = Theory and Practice in Waldorf Kindergarten

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Waldorf kindergarten education is based on Austrian, Rudolf Steiner`s(1861-1925) philosophy, Anthroposophie. The principle concern of Anthroposophie is for children to learn through direct sensory experiences. Anthroposophie posits threefold sections(die Dreiheit) : form, life, and consciousness. These also can be formulated in threefold World sections(die Weltdreiheit) : space, time, and eternity. These in turn can be experienced through the human threefold structure(die Dreigliederung) : body, mind, and spirit. Steiner thought that society should be organized into threefold orders: political life, economic life, and cultural life. These exist together in reciprocal interdependence. Freedom is needed for political life, equality for economic life, and fraternity for cultural life. Waldorf kindergarten aimed at education of the whole child. It critisized intellectually-oriented education as one-sided. The education of the whole child, of body, mind, and spirit is a fundamental principle of Waldorf kindergarten. Steiner`s Anthroposophie was based on his developmental theory. According to him, human beings have a seven-year rhythm. The first developmental phase lasts until the age of seven. Children at this phase learn through direct sensory experiences. Their basic form of learning is imitation. Teachers do not force the children to do any activity. They respect children`s own individuality and stimulate children`s inner-imitation learning. In this kindergarten, manufactured toys are forbidden as much as possible. All learning materials are natural and have their original form. They are deliberately simple in order to stimulate children`s imagination. Modern technological tools of civilization such as TVs and computers are not used. Also it is managed cooperatively teachers and parents.