만 3, 4세 아동들의 거짓말 이해와 사실 추론 능력 = Three- and Four-Year-Old Children’s Ability to Infer True Information from Others' Lies

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The present study investigated three- and four-year-old children's ability to infer true information based on others' lies. In Study 1, children were asked to guess the true location of a candy after listening to a liar puppet's statement about the candy's location. Three-year old children merely trusted the statement of the liar puppet, and four-year old children did not show any systematic pattern. In Study 2, several changes were made. First, the experimenter showed the children the true location of the candy after the first trial and thus children witnessed that the liar puppet's statement about the candy’s location was false. Second, the puppet's motivation to deceive the child was clarified. In study 2, children's overall performance improved. Especially, both three- and four- year-old children performed better at the second trial. This research adds to the evidence on Korean children's understanding of lying and their ability to infer truth based on others' lies. This research has implications for further cross-cultural research on the development of children's ability to understand the relationship between others' traits and behaviors.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 한국의 만 3, 4세 아동들이 타인의 거짓말을 이해하고, 이를 통해 사실을 추론할 수 있는지 알아보았다. 연구 1에서는 아동들에게 거짓말쟁이 인형을 소개하고, 인형의 말을 통해 실제 사탕이 숨겨져 있는 위치를 알아맞히는 과제를 실시하였다. 3세 아동들은 거짓말쟁이 인형의 말을 그대로 믿는 경향을 보였고, 4세 아동은 무작위반응을 보였다. 연구 2에서는 아동들에게 인형이 거짓말을 하는 동기에 대해 명확한 설명을 제시하였고, 첫 번째 시행 이후 사탕이 인형이 말한 장소와 반대 장소에 있음을 보여주었다. 그 결과 전체적으로 아동들의 수행이 향상되었다. 3세 아동은 무작위 반응을 보였고, 4세 아동은 거짓말쟁이 인형의 말의 내용과 반대의 장소에 사탕이 있음을 추론할 수 있었다. 개별 시행 분석 결과, 특히 두 번째 시행에서 3, 4세 아동들 모두 사탕이 거짓말쟁이 인형이 한 말의 내용과 반대의 장소에 있다는 것을 추론할 수 있었음이 나타났다. 본 연구는 거짓말 이해와 사실추론 능력의 발달 과정을 한국 아동을 대상으로 검증하였으며, 특질과 행동의 연관성에 대한 이해 능력의 발달 과정의 문화 차에 대한 연구의 새로운 토대를 마련할 것이라 기대된다.

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