공급체인 리더의 관계적 행동이 리더의 리더십과 팔로워의 재무성과에 미치는 영향: 리더 윤리성의 역할 = The Effects of Relational Behaviors on Supply Chain Leadership and Financial Performance: The Role of Leader Ethicality

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

After more than 25 years of accumulated research evidence, there is little doubt that leadership behavior is related to a wide variety of positive individual and organizational outcomes. Indeed, leadership behavior has been empirically linked to increased employee satisfaction, organizational commitment, extra effort, turnover intention, organizational citizenship behavior, and overall employee performance.
However, it is important to point out that although leadership behavior has been linked to a number of positive organizational outcomes, research regarding the antecedents of such behavior is limited. Especially there is little research dealing with the antecedents of inter-organizational leadership behavior.
Supply chain leadership can be defined as the activities undertaken by the supply chain leader to influence the management programs and strategies of supply chain members. Supply chain performance is influenced by leadership of supply chain leader.
Although research on supply chain leadership can be broadly categorized, many researchers have been preoccupied with analyzing supply chain leadership by the power-influence approach measuring such as control, power, and power bases. Also they have not examined the relationship between leadership and financial performance. This study has started to overcome those research gaps.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of relational behaviors on supply chain leadership, and the effect of such leadership behavior on financial performance of supply chain followers. In addition, this study also try to find out moderating variable existing in the relationship.
To be concrete, First, this study develops a model of the antecedents of four conceptually distinct forms of relational behaviors such as training, fair reward, offering vision, and inter-organizational communication, and tests the hypothesized differential effects of relational behavior forms on supply chain leadership. Second, this study tests the effect of supply chain leadership on financial performance.
Third, this study investigates the extent to which this leadership-performance relationship is moderated by leader ethicality.
The reason why this study deals with convenience store supply chain is that there is very strong inter-dependence between a franchisor and its suppliers. Their strong inter-dependence makes their relationship as the relationship between a superior and subordinates and creates an atmosphere that leadership occur without difficulty.
For the purpose of empirical testing, 217 respondents of suppliers of convenience store supply chain in Korea were surveyed and the analysis utilizing partial least square model indicated that training, fair reward, inter-organizational communication had positive effects on supply chain leadership, and such leadership had positive effect on financial performance of followers. On the other hand, offering vision had no effect on supply chain leadership.
In addition, leader ethicality had moderating effect on the relationship between supply chain leadership and financial performance.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

기존의 리더십과 관련된 연구들은 대부분 조직 내부의 부하와 상사간 관계에 초점을 맞추고 있다. 이는 조직간 거래관계가 기업의 주요한 성패요인이 된 현시점에서 조직 간 리더십에 대한 연구의 필요성을 제기하는 현상이라 할 수 있다. 특히, 조직 간 거래관계가 분석의 초점인 공급체인 연구에서는 이러한 조직 간 리더십에 대한 연구가 더욱 필요하다 할 수 있다.
따라서 공급체인의 조직간 리더십을 연구하는 것은 매우 중요하다 할 수 있다. 하지만 기존 공급체인 리더십 관련 연구들은 두가지 중요한 문제점을 가지고 있다. 첫째, 대부분의 연구들이 공급체인 리더십과 성과 간의 관계에 초점을 맞추고 있다는 점이고, 둘째, 기존 공급체인 내 조직간 리더십 연구들은 리더십과 재무성과 간 관계를 거의 다루지 않았다는 점이다.
이에 본 연구는 공급체인 리더십의 선행변수를 발견하고, 리더십-성과 간 관계에 영향을 미칠 가능성이 있는 조절변수를 실증하였다. 특히, 본 연구에서 관심이 있는 공급체인 리더십의 선행변수는 최근 그 중요성이 강조되고 있는 관계적 행동 변수를, 리더십-성과 간 관계의 조절변수로는 리더의 윤리성을 검정하였다.
국내 5대 편의점에 상품을 공급하는 공급업체 납품담당자 217명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였고, PLS(Partial Least Square) 분석방법을 통해 분석한 결과 대형 유통업체의 관계적 행동 중 교육훈련, 공정한 보상, 조직간 의사소통은 공급체인 리더십을 강화하였고, 공급체인 리더십은 공급업체의 재무성과를 강화하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 대형 유통업체의 윤리성이 높은 경우 공급체인 리더십이 공급업체 재무성과를 더 강화시키는 것으로 나타났다. 반면 대형 유통업체의 관계적 행동 중 비전제시는 공급체인 리더십에 영향을 미치지 않았다.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 김상덕, "프랜차이즈 본부의 리더십이 가맹점의 조직동일시, 조직시민행동, 그리고 수익성에 미치는 영향 : 조직 냉소주의의 조절효과" 한국전략마케팅학회 19 (19): 1-27, 2011

2 오세조, "소비자지향적 유 통관리" 박영사 2009

3 김상덕, "비대칭적 의존구조는 언제나 관계의 질을 약화시키는가-커뮤니케이션의 역할" 한국서비스경영학회 9 (9): 81-111, 2008

4 장석인, "변혁적 및 거래적 리더십이 조직몰입에 미치는 영향에 관한 구조모형분석" 한국인적자원관리학회 16 (16): 213-229, 2009

5 Chin, Wynne W., "http://disc-nt.cba.uh. edu/chin/plsfaq.htm"

6 Neubert, Mitchell J., "The Virtuous Influence of Ethical Leadership Behavior:Evidence From the Field" 90 (90): 157-170, 2009

7 Hoppner, Jessica J, "The Role of Reciprocity in Clarifying the Performance Payoff of Relational Behavior" 48 (48): 920-928, 2011

8 Carmeli, Abraham, "The Role of Perceived Organizational Performance in Organizational Identification,Adjustment and Job Performance" 44 (44): 972-992, 2007

9 Congram, Carole A, "The Quality-leadership Connection in Service Business, In Handbook of Marketing for the Service Industries" American Management Association 3-19, 1991

10 Bass, Bernard M, "The Implications of Transactional and Transformational Leadership for Individual, Team, and Organizational Development" 4 : 231-272, 1990

11 Zhu, Weichun, "The Impact of Ethical Leadership Behavior on Employee Outcomes:The Roles of Psychological Empowerment and Authenticity" 11 (11): 16-26, 2004

12 English, Wilke D, "The Impact of Electronic Technology Upon the Marketing Channel" 13 (13): 57-71, 1985

13 Schul, Patrick L, "The Impact of Channel Leadership Behavior on Intrachannel Conflict" 47 (47): 21-34, 1983

14 Ullrich, Johannes, "The Identity-Matching Principle:Corporate and Organizational Identification in a Franchising System" 18 : 29-44, 2007

15 Yueh, Li, "The Effects of Leadership Styles on Knowledge-based Customer Relationship Management Implementation" 3 (3): 1-18, 2010

16 Morgan, Robert M., "The Commitment-Trust Theory of Relationship Marketing" 58 (58): 20-38, 1994

17 Bercovitz, Janet, "The Antecedents and Performance Implications of Cooperative Exchange Norms" 17 (17): 724-740, 2006

18 Jap, Sandy, "Testing a Life-Cycle Theroy of Cooperative Interorganizational Relationships:Movement Across Stages and Performance" 53 (53): 260-275, 2007

19 Anderson, James C, "Structural Equation Model in Practice:A Review and Recommended Twostep Approach" 103 (103): 411-423, 1988

20 Gronroos,Christian, "Strategic Management and Marketing in the Service Sector" Swedish School of Economics and Business Administration(Helsingfors) 1982

21 Lipset,S.M, "Social Structure and Social Change, In Approaches to the Study of Social Structure" The Free Press 1975

22 Boomer, William H., "Setting the Stage for Effective Leadership:Antecedents of Transformational Leadership Behavior" 15 : 195-210, 2004

23 Ivens, Bjoern S, "Relational Exchange Norms in Marketing:A Critical Review of Macneil's Contributions" 4 (4): 239-263, 2004

24 Ballantyne,David, "Reframing Internal Marketing for Relationship Marketing" 1-12, 2000

25 Tax, Stephen S, "Recovering and Learning From Service Failures" 39 (39): 75-88, 1998

26 Nunnally, Jum C, "Psychometric Theory" McGraw Hill 1994

27 Jap,Sandy, "Pie-Expansion Efforts:Collaboration Processes in Buyer-Seller Relationships" 36 (36): 461-475, 1999

28 Harrigan,Kathryn R, "Partner Asymmetries, In Cooperative Strategies in International Business" Lexington Books 1988

29 Chin,Wynne W, "PLS-Graph User's Guide" of Houston Press 2004

30 Kime,Charles H, "Organizational Leadership: Fire Service in the United States" Elsevier Science 2001

31 Bagozzi, Richard P., "On the Evaluation of Structural Equation Models" 16 (16): 74-94, 1988

32 Trevino, Linda K., "Moral Person and Moral Manager:How Executives Develop a Reputation for Ethical Leadership" 42 (42): 128-142, 2000

33 Coughlan, Anne T, "Marketing Channels" Prentice Hall 2006

34 Zhang, Chun, "Manufacturer Governance of Foreign Distributor Relationships: Do Relational Norms Enhance Competitiveness in the Export Market" 34 (34): 550-566, 2003

35 Hult, G, "Leadership and Relationship Commitment" 29 : 111-119, 2000

36 Bass,Bernard M, "Leadership and Performance beyond Expectations" Free Press 1985

37 Walumbwa, Fred O., "Leader Personality Traits and Employee Voice Behavior:Mediating Roles of Ethical Leadership and Work Group Psychological Safety" 94 (94): 275-286, 2009

38 Klimoski, Richard J., "Leader Behavior and Subordinate Motivation" 33 : 543-564, 1980

39 정대용, "LMX의 질을 매개로 팔로워가 인지하는 리더의 지원과 갈등이 만족, 영역초월행동그리고 재계약의도에 미치는 영향 : 프랜차이즈시스템의 생산성 중심으로" 한국생산성학회 22 (22): 211-239, 2008

40 Barnett, Timothy R, "Justification and Application of Path-Goal Contingency Leadership Theory to Marketing Channel Leadership" 19 : 283-292, 1989

41 Frazier,Gary L, "Interorganizational Exchange Behavior in Channels of Distribution:A Broadened Perspective" 47 (47): 68-78, 1983

42 Ooncharoen, Nantana, "International Journal of Business Research" 10 (10): 24-30, 2009

43 Foreman, Susan K, "Internal Marketing:Concepts,Measurement,and Application" 11 (11): 755-768, 1995

44 Kelemen, Mihaela, "Internal Marketing:A Qualitative Study of Culture Change in the UK Banking Sector" 23 (23): 745-767, 2007

45 Shiu, Yung-Ming, "Internal Marketing,Organisational Culture,Job Satisfaction,and Organisational Performance in Non-life Insurance" 30 (30): 793-809, 2011

46 Lusch, Robert F, "Interdependency,Contracting,and Relational Behavior in Marketing Channels" 60 : 19-38, 1996

47 Mehta,Rajiv, "Impact of Leadership Style on Channel Partner Motivation:An Empirical Test" 7 (7): 121-153, 2000

48 Morgan,Gareth, "Images of Organization" Sage Publications 1986

49 Vandaele, Darline, "How to Govern Business Services Exchanges:Contractual and Relational Issues" 9 (9): 237-258, 2007

50 Mayer, David M., "How Low Does Ethical Leadership Flow? Test of a Trickle-down Model" 108 : 1-13, 2009

51 Bass, Bernard M, "Full Range of Leadership: Manual for the Multi-factor Leadership Questionnaire" Mind Garden 1997

52 Fehr,Ernst and Simon Gachter, "Fairness and Retaliation:The Economics of Reciprocity" 15 : 9-181, 2000

53 Blau,Peter M, "Exchange and Power in Social Life,New" Wiley 1964

54 Hibbard, Jonathan D., "Examining the Impact of Destructive Acts in Marketing Channel Relationships" 38 (38): 45-61, 2001

55 Ciulla, Joanne. B., "Ethics, the Heart of Leadership" Praeger 2004

56 Brown, Michael E, "Ethical and Unethical Leadership:Exploring New Avenues for Future Research" 20 (20): 583-616, 2010

57 Toor, Shamas-ur-Rehman, "Ethical Leadership:Examining the Relationships with Full Range Leadership Model,Employee Outcomes,and Organizational Culture" 90 : 533-547, 2009

58 Brown, Michael E, "Ethical Leadership:A Social Learning Perspective for Construct Development and Testing" 97 : 117-134, 2005

59 Brown, Michael E, "Ethical Leadership:A Review and Future Directions" 17 : 595-616, 2006

60 Forrester,Russ, "Empowerment:Rejuvenating a Potent Idea" 14 (14): 67-80, 2000

61 Siguaw, Judy A., "Effects of Supplier Market Orientation on Distributor Market Orientation and the Channel Relationship:The Distributor Perspective" 62 (62): 99-111, 1998

62 Price,Retha A, "Effects of Channel Leadership Behaviours under Different Levels of Channel Member Interdependence" 3 (3): 261-278, 1993

63 Berry,Leonard L, "Discovering the Soul of Service: The Nine Drivers of Sustainable Business Success" Free Press 1999

64 Dwyer, F. Robert, "Developing Buyer-Seller Relationships" 51 (51): 11-27, 1987

65 Hewett, Kelly, "Dependence,Trust,and Relational Behavior on the Part of Foreign Subsidiary Marketing Operations:Implications for Managing Global Marketing Operations" 65 (65): 51-66, 2001

66 Ferguson, Ronald J., "Contractual Governance,Relational Governance,and the Performance of Interfirm Service Exchanges:The Influence of Boundary Spanner Closeness" 33 (33): 217-234, 2005

67 Mohr, Jakki, "Communication Strategies in Marketing Channels:A Theoretical Perspective" 54 (54): 36-51, 1990

68 Etgar,Michael, "Channel Environment and Channel Leadership" 6 : 9-76, 1977

69 Dukerich, Janet M., "Beauty is in the Eye of the Beholder:The Impact of Organizational Identification,Identity and Image on the Cooperative Behaviors of Physicians" 47 : 507-533, 2002

70 Doyle,Jim, "An Investigation of Pricing Data for Evidence of Institutional-Level Relationship Marketing Behaviors" 9 (9): 264-278, 2010

71 Price,Retha A, "An Investigation of Path-Goal Leadership Theory in Marketing Channels" 67 (67): 339-361, 1991

72 Frazier, Gary L, "An Attitude-Behavior Framework for Distribution Channel Management" 49 (49): 38-48, 1985

73 Rafiq, Mohammed, "Advances in the Internal marketing Concept:Definition,Synthesis,and Extension" 14 (14): 449-462, 2000

74 Hult,G.Thomas M, "A Study of Global Team Vision in the Internal Marketing System" 8 : 22-22, 1997

75 Trevino, Linda K, "A Qualitative Investigation of Perceived Executive Ethical Leadership:Perceptions from Inside and Outside the Executive Suite" 55 : 5-37, 2003

76 hFalk,R.Frank and Nancy B.Miller, "A Primer for Soft Modeling" University of Akron Press 1992

77 Pelham, Alfred M, "A Longitudinal Study of the Impact of Market Structure,Firm Structure,Strategy,and Market Orientation Culture on Dimensions of Small-Firm Performance" 24 (24): 27-43, 1996