개발 원조의 변용성과 원조조건의 정치경제학

국문 초록 (Abstract)

개발 원조가 실질적으로 수원국 경제사회 개발에 도움이 되는가에 대한 원초적인 문제제기는 국제원조사회가 정착된 작금의 시대에도 유효하다. 이러한 문제제기의 중심에는 개발계획을 목표로 지원된 원조가 수원국 정부에 의해 임의로 변용되거나 개발과 상관없는 섹터로 전용된다는 불편한 사실이 있다. 개발원조의 변용성에 대한 정치경제학적 분석을 시도함으로써 본 논문은 개발 원조가 어떻게 변용되는지, 그리고 변용성을 방지하기 위한 규제장치로 원조조건이 어떠한 방식으로 부과되는지를 밝히고자 한다. 국제개발협력 분야에서 논의되는 개념인 원조의 변용성을 설명하고, 변용성이 수원국 정부-국민 간의 효용함수의 일치도와 공여주체의 원조조건 성격에 따라 다양하게 유형화될 수 있음을 강조한다. 현실정치에서 발생할 수 있는 원조 변용성의 최악의 사례인 탄자니아와 우간다를 분석하여 시사점을 도출하고, 유럽연합과 세계은행, 그리고 브루킹스연구소에서 추진하고 있는 변용성 규제에 관한 원조조건 정책들을 소개한다. 결론으로 개발 원조가 수원국 국민의 요구와 괴리된 상태로 기획되어 부패한 수원국 정부와 협의하에 추진된다면 개발 원조가 전용되는 변용성의 덫에서 벗어나기 어렵다는 함의를 주장한다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

It is cliche to comment that the effectiveness of development aid is problematic on the issue that foreign aid has been of great use for economic and social development in aid-recipient countries. At the center is the ‘fungibility’ problem which indicates that aid-recipient governments distort the original targets of development aid by misusing it or hoarding it for the private purposes. By advancing the political economy approach as a main analytical framework, this study aims to detect not only how fungible development aid is under what conditions in recipient countries but also how aid conditionality designed to reduce fungibility is strategically attached to aid disbursements. As empirical cases, Tanzania and Uganda are brought to the fore in order to show how corrupted governments of aid-receiving countries privatized global public goods by purchasing private jets for presidents. Also, the three policies for aid conditionality whose function is to prevent the fungibility are introduced: the EU’s counterpart fund, the World Bank’s public expenditure reform loan, and the Brookings Institution’s joint country assistance strategy. The concluding remark of this study includes its main implication that aid is likely to become under the fungibility problem if aid disbursement is not designed by reflecting people’s needs in recipient countries but decided just by consultations between donors and recipient governments without consideration of what people really want to receive.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 1. 들어가며
• 2. 원조 변용성(aid fungibility)의 개념과 정치적 쟁점 영역
• 3. 개발 원조의 변용성 사례 비교
• 4. 원조조건의 정치경제학 : 세 가지 대안을 중심으로
• 5. 맺으며 : 원조 변용성의 덫
• 참고문헌
• Abstract

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