성화 진작(振作)을 위한 칼빈의 신학적 진보 = Calvin`s Theological Progress for Enhancing Sanctification

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Martin Luther`s heroic doctrine of `justification by faith alone` against the errors of the Medieval Roman Church was not without challenge and difficulty. The doctrine triggered not only the expected antithesis from the Roman Catholic Church, but also challenges from the Protestant camps, mainly due to the concern for the Christian holy life. Worst of all, the lack of sanctified life seemed to be true to many Protestants, which remained to be the headache for Luther himself. However, to Martin Luther, `justification by faith alone` was not something to be compromised. Luther tried to complement justification with emphasis on sanctification in different ways, yet it did not seem to bear much fruit. The task fell on the next generation Reformer, John Calvin. The second generation Reformer, John Calvin saw the problem and tried to improve the life of the Christians not only in the Protestant church ministry as was shown in Geneva, but in his effort to find the ways to do so in his theology. This paper concentrates on Calvin`s theological efforts to enhance sanctification in terms of its comparison with Luther`s. For the establishment of justification Luther made clear the distinction between law and gospel and excluded law and works from justification at all. Despite acknowledging the distinction between justification and sanctification in common effort with Luther against the Roman Church, Calvin maintained the intimate relation and mutual interconnection between law and gospel in justification, and very cautiously included law and works in justification. Calvin saw their role in justification while maintaining the doctrine of `justification by faith alone.` Despite the distinction made between justification and sanctification, Luther tried to emphasize the intimate relationship between them, in order to enhance sanctification. To Luther it was `faith` which was the key to bind the two. Nevertheless, the logical priority of justification over sanctification did not seem to go away. Sanctification seemed to remain always second in order. While accepting Luther`s approach to bind justification and sanctification, Calvin proposed `the union with Christ` as the basis for justification and sanctification, thereby binding the two on the common root. The scheme also provided the notion of simultaneity of justification and sanctification, which enhanced the level of intensity and thereby importance on sanctification.