Migration and Memory of Central Europe = 중부 유럽의 이주와 기억

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 논문은 사례연구와 야외연구의 결과를 바탕으로 각기 다른 문화에서 온 이주자와 이민자들의 융합의 도전에 대해서 말한다. 오늘날의 중부유럽에 초점을 두고, 세계적인 현상인 이주를 다루고 고국의 이미지를 형상화하는 동안 이주자들에 의해 공유되어지는 요소를 알아본다. 특히, 저자는 19세기 중반과 20세기 후반, 서로 다른 두 시기의 체코, 독일, 슬로바키아 그리고 베트남 이렇게 네 지역 민족들의 서로 다른 두 가지의 방향으로 즉, 텍사스와 체코로의 뚜렷한 이주역사를 살핀다. 저자는 중부유럽의 미래인 다민족, 다언어의 관점에서 설명한다; 정체성뿐만 아니라 개인의 심리, 기억과 결정까지 포함하는 역사적 현상의 복합체로서 이주를 바라본다; 무엇이 이주자들을 고무시키나, 그리고 개개인의 고국에 대한 기억이 이주를 선택하고 머무르게 하는지 아니면 고국으로 돌아가게 하는지에 대한 결정에 어떤 영향을 미치는가 하는 질문을 던진다; 개인의 신상과 지역사회에 내장된 기억과 정체성에 의존한다; 이주민 개인과 그 지역사회의 역사를 이주 드라마의 예로 들었다;
그리고 결론에서는 이주자들의 전망을 위해서 이주자와 선주민들 사이의 협상을 이룰 수 있는 이주법을 제안한다. 이 연구는 남북한 사이의 접촉과 충돌의 맥락에서 볼 때, 체코에서 슬로바키아인들의 융합이라는 긍정적인 결과를 강조한다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The article addresses challenges of migration and immigrant integration in different cultures and times using case studies and supporting the conclusions by fieldwork. It focuses on the situation in today’s Central Europe, treats migration as a worldwide phenomenon and identifies factors shared by migrants during decision making and constructing homeland images. Specifically, the author inspects migration history of four distinct ethnic groups, that of Czechs, Germans, Slovaks and Vietnamese, to two different destinations, i.e., Texas and Czech Republic, in two different periods of mid 19th and second half of the 20th century.
She discusses perspectives of multiethnic and multilingual future of Central Europe; views migration as a complex historical phenomenon that involves collective identities as well as individual minds, memories and decisions; poses the question of what inspires people to migrate and how memories of one’s homeland affect decisions to stay in migration or to return; draws on memories and identities embedded in personal narratives and communities; examplifies the drama of migration on stories in personal letters and community narratives; and in conclusion offers a theory of migration that accounts for costs and gains in relation to migrant visions and negotiation powers of migrants and receivers. The study highlights positive outcomes of Slovak integration in Czech Republic in context of contacts and conflicts between Southern and Northern Korea.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 〈Abstract〉
• 1. Introduction and historical background
• 2. Czech Republic, EU and migrants
• 3. Why migrate?
• 4. First migrants to Texas. Visions and expectations
• 5. Memories and narratives
• 6. Mass migration
• 7. Conclusion
• 《BIBLIOGRAPHY》
• 〈국문 요약〉

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 "Ze života paní a dívek českých v Americe [From the Lives of Czech Women in America], 1852‐95"

2 Polišenský, Josef, "Začiatky českej a slovenskej emigrácie" Slovenská académia vied 1970

3 Skrabanek,R.L, "We're Czechs" Texas A&M University Press 1988

4 Herrmann, Gustav, "V pralese texanském" Poutník od Otavy 1-6, 1859

5 "TransEuropa"

6 Čapek,Tomáš, "The Čechs (Bohemians) in America" Houghton Mifflin Company 1920

7 Conzen, K. N, "The invention of ethnicity: A perspective from the U.S.A" 12 (12): 3-41, 1992

8 Eckert, Eva, "The Years of Svoboda in the Texas Czech Community. 1880s‐WWI" 16 (16): 63-78, 2002

9 Kuhn,T.S, "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions" University of Chicago Press 1962

10 Sapir,Edward, "The Psychology od Culture: A Course of Lectures" Mouton de Gruyter 1934

11 Walters,E.Garrison, "The Other Europe" Syracuse University Press 1995

12 Zangwill, Israel, "The Melting Pot. A Drama in Four Acts"

13 Clausen,C.A, "The Lady with the Pen. Elise Waerenskjold in Texas" Norwegian‐American Historical Association 1961

14 Rippley, La Vern J, "The German‐Bohemians: The Quiet Immigrants" St. Olaf College Press 1995

15 Laubeová,Paura, "The Fiction of Ethnic Homogeneity" LGI/OSI 2001

16 Bodnar,John, "The Ethnic Experience in Pennsylvania" Bucknell University Press 1973

17 Olson,James S, "The Ethnic Dimension in American History" Martin’s Press 1979

18 Olmsted, Frederick L, "The Cotton Kingdom: A Traveler’s Observations on Cotton and Slavery in the American Slave States, 1853‐1861" De Capo Press 1861

19 Eckert,Eva, "Stones on the Prairie: Acculturation in America" Slavica Publ 2006

20 Blafková,Martina, "Specifika života vietnamské komunity v ČR"

21 "Specifics of the Vietnamese community life in Czech Rep.:"

22 Gleason,Philip, "Speaking of Diversity. Language and Ethnicity in Twentieth‐Century America" The Johns Hopkins University Press 1992

23 Hroch,Miroslav, "Social Preconditions of National Revival in Europe: A Comparative Analysis of the Social Composition of Patriotic Groups among the Smaller European Nations" Columbia University Press 2000

24 Granger, Colette, "Silence in Second Language Learning" Multilingual Matters Ltd 69-70, 2004

25 Morawska, Ewa, "Return Migrations: Theoretical and Research Agenda" University of Illinois Press 277-292, 1931

26 Sperber, David, "Relevance: Communication and Cognition" Harvard University Press 1986

27 Demetz,Peter, "Prague in Black and Gold" Hill and Wang 1997

28 Eckert, Eva, "Po stopách českých vystěhovalců do Texasu" Český lid 222-264, 2001

29 Balch,Emily G, "Our Slavic Fellow Citizens" Charities Publication Committee 1910

30 Borovský, Karel H, "O zřízení obecním v severním soustátí Americkém" 332-335, 1850

31 Češi v cizině [Czechs abroad], "Národopisná knižnice 6, Ústav pro etnografii a folkloristiku" ČSAV 1992

32 Kamphoefner, Walter D, "News from the Land of Freedom: German Immigrants Write Home" Cornell University Press 1991

33 "National Minorities in Czechoslovakia"

34 Nekvapil, J, "Mnohojazyčnost v ČR/Multilingualism in the Czech Republic" Lidové noviny 2009

35 Century of Agricultural Progress, "Minutes of the Cat Spring Agricultural Society, 1854‐1954" Lone Star Printing Co 1956

36 "Minority rights"

37 Thistlethwaite,Frank, "Migration from Europe Overseas in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries" University of Illinois Press 17-57, 1991

38 Conzen,Kathleen N, "Making their own America: Assimilation theory and the German peasant pioneer" Berg Publ 1-33, 1990

39 Fehrenbach,T.R, "Lone Star: A History of Texas and the Texans" American Legacy Press 1968

40 Gilbert,Glenn G, "Linguistic Atlas of Texas German" UT Press 1972

41 Sealsfield,Charles, "Life in the New World, or, Sketches of American Society" New World Press 1844

42 "LINEE Training Institute"

43 Benacek,Vladimir, "International Trade Theory and Its Methodology: Explaining the Structure of Migration Flows" Ibidem Verlag 63-86, 2010

44 Kandel,Eric, "In Search of Memory" W.W. Norton 2007

45 Zaborowska,Magdalena J, "How We Found America: Reading Gender Through East European immigrant narratives" The North Carolina University Press 1995

46 "Handbook of Texas"

47 "Government Council for National Minorities 2005"

48 Luebke,Frederick C, "Germans in the New World: Essays in the History of Immigration" University of Illinois Press 1990

49 "Germans in Czechoslovakia"

50 Struve,Walter, "Germans and Texans: Commerce, Migration and Culture in the Days of the Lone Star Republic" University of Texas Press 1996

51 Jordan,Terry G, "German Seed in Texas Soil: Immigrant Farmers in 19th Century Texas" University of Texas Press 1966

52 Baumgartner,Dorcas, "Frontier River: Exploration and Settlement of Colorado River" Lower Colorado River Authority 1997

53 "F. and K. Herrmann’s letters from Texas to Hradec Králové, 1851‐53"

54 "European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages"

55 Dinnerstein, Leonard, "Ethnic Americans: History of Immigration, 4th ed" Columbia University Press 1999

56 "Equal Opportunity and the Future of EU"

57 Hoerder, Dirk, "Distant Magnets: Expectations and Realities in the Immigrant Experience, 1840‐1930" Homes and Meier 1930

58 "Demographics of the Czech Republic"

59 Sealsfield, Charles, "Das Kajutenbuch"

60 Chada,Joseph, "Czechs in the United States" SVU Press 1981

61 "Charles University"

62 Iwar Werlen, "Challenges of Multilingualism in Europe, Core Findings of the LINEE Network of Excellence" 2010

63 Herrmann,Ignát, "Blednoucí obrázky" Fr. Topič 1929

64 Borovský, Karel H, "Anglicko a jeho osady" 1064-1068, 1850

65 Davis, E. E, "A Study of Rural Schools in Williamson County" 2238 : 9-10, 1922

66 Breeden,James O, "A Long Ride in Texas.The Explorations of John Leonard Riddell.College" Texas A&M University Press 1994