EU 기관과 회원국 정치기관에 대한 일반 시민의 신뢰도: 상호관계에 관한 실증분석 = Trusts in European Institutions and Domestic Political Institutions: Empirical Analysis of Trusts at Two Levels

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 연구는 EU 기관과 회원국의 국내 정치기관에 대한 신뢰도가 상호 영향을 끼친다는 점에 착안하여, 지표 간 비교분석 및 결정요인에 대한 실증분석을 통해 그 원인을 규명하고자 하였다. 특히 EU 기관에 대한 신뢰도는 유럽회의주의를 나타내는 대리지표로 활용된다는 점을 고려하여 유럽회의주의에 관한 결정요인으로 지적되어 온 주요 변수들을 선정하여 실증분석을 실시하였다.
분석결과 일반 시민이 EU 기관과 회원국 정치기관에 대해 갖게 되는 신뢰의 정도는 EU와 회원국 차원에서 민주주의, 각국의 실업률 및 제도적 수준에 의해 결정되는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 종속변수의 변동성과 설명변수의 영향력을 감안할 때, 두 개 층위의 신뢰도는 정합관계와 보상관계를 모두 갖고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 분석결과를 감안할 때, EU 기관과 회원국의 정치기관에 대한 일반 시민의 신뢰가 높아지기 위해서는 첫째, EU 차원에서 구현되는 민주주의에 대한 일반의 인식이 개선되어야 하며, 둘째, 경기활성화를 통해 고용을 창출하고, 실업률을 낮추는 것이 필요하다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper reviews the trust in European institutions and domestic political institutions at country level and examines how political trust operates in a multi-level setting in the EU. This paper sheds a light on the fact that trust levels on national institutions and those regarding the European institutions affect mutually and tries to find the causes of this relation. Several studies argued this relation in ‘congruence’ and ‘compensation’ framework. Trust in political institutions in the EU is an important research topic highly related to the euroscepticism that prevailed in some countries during the economic crisis period.
The result of the empirical tests shows that the trust levels in both European and domestic political institutions are highly associated with citizens’ perception of democracy at EU level and economic variables such as unemployment rate. Institutional level of country such as political stability and regulatory quality affect also public trust in EU and national institutions. According to our analysis based on macro-level variables, both congruence and compensation frameworks can be justified. In many countries, national trust levels affect trust in EU and European institutions. However, the result of the tests shows the compensation relation between two levels of trusts as well.
These finding suggests that main challenges to secure public support for the EU are how to improve the democracy implemented at EU level, dispelling worries about ‘democratic deficit’ and to develop support measures to lower unemployment rate.

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