자살생각아동의 심리사회적 특성 - 문제행동, 자기존중감, 사회성기술, 학교적응을 중심으로 - = The Psychosocial Characteristics of Suicidal Ideators for Children : Problem Behaviors, Self-Esteem, Social Skills and Adaptation to School Life

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study investigated the psychosocial characteristics of suicidal ideators for children. The participants were 609 elementary school students. According to existence and severity of suicidal ideation, they were divided 4 groups-no suicidal ideation group, suicidal ideation group, potential-risk suicidal ideation group, high-risk suicidal ideation group. The differences among groups in terms of various aspects of psychosocial characteristics were examined and stepwise discriminant analysis was conducted. Correlation analysis showed that child suicidal ideation was positively correlated with child reports of internalized-externalized problem, but negatively correlated with self-esteem, social skills, and adaptation to school life. ANOVA tests showed that suicidal ideator had more internalized-externalized problem, lower self-esteem, less social skills, and lower adaptation to school life. Especially, the high-risk suicidal ideation group had most problem and significantly lower in terms of self-esteem, social skills, and adaptation to school life. Discriminant analysis showed that internalized-externalized problem, relation with teachers, self-esteem at school life correctly classified 77% of groups with/without suicidal ideation. Finally, the implications and the limitations of this study were discussed.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구에서는 자살생각아동의 심리사회적 특성에 대해서 알아보고자 하였다. 초등학교 아동 609명을 대상으로, 자살생각의 유무와 심각도에 따라 자살생각 무경험집단, 자살생각 단순경험집단, 잠재적 자살위험집단, 그리고 자살 고위험집단으로 집단을 구분하였고, 이들 집단간에 내면화-외현화문제, 자기존중감, 사회성기술, 학교생활적응에서 어떠한 차이가 있는지를 검토하였다. 아울러 자살생각아동과 그렇지 않은 아동을 가장 잘 구분해주는 심리사회적 요인이 무엇인지를 알아보기 위해 판별분석을 실시하였다. 상관분석결과, 아동의 자살생각은 내면화-외현화문제와 정적상관이 있었으며, 자기존중감, 사회성기술, 학교생활적응과는 부적상관이 있었다. 집단간 심리사회적 특성에서의 차이검증 결과, 자살생각을 하지 않는 아동에 비해 자살생각을 해본 적이 있는 아동이 내면화-외현화문제행동이 더 많았고 자기존중감이 낮았으며 사회성기술이 부족하고 학교생활을 잘못하는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 자살 고위험집단의 아동들은 가장 많은 문제행동을 지니고 있었으며, 자기존중감, 사회성기술, 학교생활적응 모두 가장 낮은 것으로 드러났다. 판별분석에서는 내면화문제, 외현화문제, 교사와의 관계, 학교에서의 자기존중감이 자살생각아동과 그렇지 않은 아동의 약 77%를 정확히 구분해주는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 시사점과 제한점에 대하여 논의하였다.

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