한국 목련극에 나타난 지옥형상

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The Uranbun ritual was created in the Shilla and Koryeo Dynasty when the Buddhism came from China flourished, and transmitted to the Choseon Dynasty. The Uranbun ritual, which was made for the dead in the royal family had developed into the rite for the common people as well in the Koryeo Dynasty, and in the Choseon Dynasty, the Mokryun Sutra was published and read widespread among the people of the country.
During the Choseon Dynasty, due to the acceptance of the confucianism and exclusion of the Buddhism, Buddhist rites were almost abolished. Thus, the Uranbun ritual was changed into Bakjung play, celebrated on the fifteenth of July in the country. After opening to foreign nations, the Uranbun ritual was represent in a small scale, ending up making a new zenre, the Mokryun drama.
Of seven or eight already presented dramas and plays, the representative Mokryun dramas are as follows: Uranbun (1932), by Kim, So-ha(1899～1989), the hell and life(1947) by Jung, Dong-min(1924～1998), the world of Lotus(1967) by Lee, Kwang-rae(1908～1968), Mokryun and Lady Chungjae, by Lee, Sung-beop(1929～ ) and so on. Reviewing the above four, it is obvious that the center of the drama lies the scene of the hell, and the quality of the drama follows how to express the scene.
Uranbun by Kim, So-ha was the first Mokryun drama in Korea, which was published on in the monthly journal of Buddhism in Aug., 1932. Since both Kwun, Sang-ro who led founding the Buddhism in 1925, and Han, Young-wun who undertook the journal in 1930 considered the play as the fastest way of propaganda, this drama got into light.
Uranbun established the great hell, and Mokryun met with
his mother and saved her, but she was captured again in the small dark hell. Mokryun helped her again with the Buddhist power, only founding her become a dog in Wangsasung castle.
The hell and life by Jung, Dong-min was played most frequently since 1947, and The world of Lotus by Lee, Kwang-rae was the first attempt as a Buddhist music symphony drama in 1967. Both play designated the great hell in the center of the stage, but different from Uranbun, it had the knife hell and boiling hell at the right side of the stage, and ice and grief hell at the left side. In The world of Lotus, the mother was saved only in the great hell.
Mokryun and Lady Chungjae, the most recently written one, explained the scene of the hell in detail because the writer was a senim, yet could not express it on the stage. Mokryun helped Lady Chungjae, but she went to the hell again. Reborn as a dog, she finally went up to the heaven and be born again by the rites of Uranbun.
While Uranbun and Mokryun and Lady Chungjae are mainly composed by conversations, The hell and life and The world of Lotus are full of dramatic characteristics. The hell and life is similar to the popular plays in the 1940th, combining dance and songs, and uniquely contains the song of the main subject.
All three except for Uranbun make use of the mirror of karma; it goes down during the play, and changes the time and space to the scene of reflecting the past. While The hell and life is full of romantic atmosphere, it is worth paying attention to The world of Lotus, in that it applies a new-expressionism , and makes a new form of the music drama, a symphony drama that utilizes the percussion instrument. The Mokryun drama has been changed from Uranbun ritual to Mokryun's petition- Mokryun Sutra- Kangchang and Mokryun drama through the Shilla, Koryeo, Choseon and the present.
The present Mokryun dramas are all indoors-scripts written by the method of western modern play.
In order for the Mokryun drama to develop, first, it should be played in the temple, indoors or outdoors, on the Uranbun day (July. 15) half of it is the ritual, and the other half is the play.
Second, the Mokryun drama should make the hell more concrete; studying the ten kings, the positions in the hell are to be expressed in more detail.
Third, the Uranbun ritual or the Ten kings ritual should be performed by the method of the traditional Buddhist ritual.
On the Uranbun day, with the Uranbun ritual or the Ten kings ritual, the Mokryun's petition may be taught; from July the 13 to 18, the ghost period of opening the gate of the hell and feeding the ghosts, the Mokryun drama should be performed in the big temple.
If those above are possible, the Uranbun day can be changed into a bigger event than the one for the Buddha's day.
And the adolescence problem would disappear, contributing to making a more peaceful country; the Uranbun day is a day for reverence for parents.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론
• Ⅱ. 한국 목련극의 발생과 작가들
• Ⅲ. 한국 목련극의 내용과 지옥형상
• 1. 김소하의 《우란분》
• 2. 정동민의 《지옥과 인생》
• 3. 이광래의 《연화세계》
• 4. 이성법의 《목련존자와 청제부인》
• Ⅳ. 결론
• ABSTRACT
• 논평