Mismanaged trade? : strategic policy and the semiconductor industry

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• 1. Introduction = 1
• Challenges for Public Policy = 1
• Technology and Industrial Structure in Semiconductors = 7
• International Competition in Semiconductors = 18
• Strategic Policy in the United States = 27
• 2. New Competition : The Japanese Ascent in Semiconductors = 39
• First Steps = 40
• Early Exports in Electronics = 49
• The Seal of Approval = 52
• Protecting the Japanese Market = 55
• The Integrated Circuit Arrives in Japan = 59
• A Secret Truce in the "Patent War" = 68
• Battles in the LSI Market = 70
• First Steps toward Liberalization and "Dumping" = 73
• The "Calculator War" = 75
• Further Liberalization and Crisis = 77
• Into the Japanese Market = 88
• NTT Arrives on the VLSI Scene = 90
• The VLSI Project = 94
• The Continuing Role of Government = 113
• Dependence in Silicon = 119
• Summary = 124
• 3. The Genesis of an American Trade Policy in Semiconductors, 1959-84 = 127
• A Threat to National Security, 1959 = 128
• Private versus Public Policy : Television Exports in the 1960s = 132
• Competition in the 1970s = 136
• "Below Cost" Dumping = 141
• Mounting Frictions : "Quality Dumping" = 144
• Organizing a Response = 147
• Competition, Collusion, or Predation? The 64K DRAM Wars = 148
• Sectoral Negotiations = 153
• 4. The Semiconductor Trade Arrangement and Its Aftermath = 159
• A Thumbnail Historical Sketch = 159
• Evolution of the Semiconductor Trade Regime = 162
• Initial Implementation of the Arrangement, August 1986 to November 1987 = 175
• The Privatization of Restraints, December 1987 to Mid-1989 = 201
• "Coordination Structures" and "High Prices Stability," 1989 to 1990 = 212
• U.S. Memories to the Rescue = 216
• Aftermath : The Second Semiconductor Trade Arrangement = 223
• 5. Effects of the Semiconductor Trade Arrangement on Semiconductor Markets = 227
• Impacts on Semiconductor Supply and Demand = 231
• Impacts of Regional Price Differentials on Regional Welfare = 272
• DRAMs versus EPROMs = 278
• Import Promotion and the STA = 279
• Appendix 5A : The Economics of Contract Pricing = 294
• Appendix 5B : Construction of Estimate FMVs = 301
• 6. Dumping in DRAMs = 305
• The Economic Rationality of Below-Marginal-Cost Pricing = 307
• Cost Structure and Dumping in the Semiconductor Industry = 311
• Modeling the Semiconductor Product Life Cycle = 313
• Model Solution = 334
• Conclusions = 358
• Appendix 6A : A General Solution to the Problem of Optimal Capacity and Production Choice = 359
• Appendix 6B : Detailed Solution with Specific Demand Learning Curve Assumptions = 365
• 7. Strategic Issues = 372
• Conceptions of "Strategic" = 372
• Semiconductor Dependency and Strategic Trade Policy = 382
• Anecdotal Evidence on Private Collusion = 396
• Empirical Tests for Competition = 398
• The Costs of Facing a Cartel = 405
• More Complex Stories about Cartels = 415
• Conclusion = 417
• Appendix 7A : Solution of the Model with Strategic Behavior = 418
• 8. Conclusion : Mismanaged Trade? = 425
• Why Semiconductors? = 427
• Strategic Policy in Semiconductors = 429
• Effects of the Semiconductor Trade Arrangement = 433
• Where Do We Stand? = 437
• Pricing and Dumping = 442
• Where Do We Go from Here? = 449
• The Global Semiconductor Conference = 454
• From Here to There = 455
• Mismanaged Trade? = 457
• Index = 461