『삼국유사』의 원효와 의상 ― 대중 속으로 들어간 ‘菩薩’(聖師)과 ‘如來’(法師) ― = Wonhyo and Uisang in Samgukyusa: Bodhisattva(Sacred Master) and Tathagata(Buddhist priest) who have walked with the people

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper examines the images of Bunhwang Wonhyo (芬皇元曉, 617~686) and Boosuk Uisang (浮石義湘, 625~702) in Samgukyusa, an overlooked history of Three Korean Kingdoms, a Korean scripture. Korean genealogy is engraved in Samgukyusa. The author, Ingak Ilyeon (麟角一然, 1206~1289), was extraordinarily aware of Korean tradition and history. He was a Seon Buddhist monk who had to spend his youth in war. After the war, he recorded Korean myths and figures, history and culture, faith and practice, books and records, folklore and tales, poetry and native songs, climate, and natural features, from the Old Joseon[古朝鮮, Wanggeom-Joseon, 王儉朝鮮] age to the late Goryeo dynasty, in Samgukyusa.
Wonhyo, as seen by Ilyeon in Samgukyusa, was a holy monk who had the “tradition of not being bound by anything” and the “tradition of riding a bull which has two horns.” He captured the life of Wonhyo, who walked and mingled with people by “throwing away the precepts” and “stopping writing,” in 12 items.
Uisang, as seen by Ilyeon in Samgukyusa, was represented by his ten disciples and the “Ten temples of Huayan” founded by them. He captured the life of Uisang, who practiced the teachings in Huayan’s scriptures and was a monk who delivered the complete teachings of Huayan, in 10 items.
Thus, Ilyeon tried to use these two figures as alternatives to solve the contemporary problems faced by Buddhism in Goryeo. Specifically, Ilyeon paid attention to Wonhyo and Uisang as representative practical intellectuals and intellectual practitioners of Silla Buddhism. He tried to present Wonhyo and Uisang, who highlighted the difficult time faced by Silla Buddhism while living during the Mongol invasion and Yuan interference, as national examples.
Because of this, Ilyeon recognized Wonhyo as a holy monk even though he had a son named Sulchong due to his relationship with Princess Yosuk after breaking precepts. Simultaneously, Ilyeon recalled the life of Uisang, who thoroughly observed precepts and passionately nurtured young students.
Ilyeon paid attention to Wonhyo’s life. He walked and mingled with people by “throwing away the precepts” and “stopping writing.” It is because Ilyeon saw it as an alternative to solve the contemporary problems Buddhism faced in Goryeo. Ilyeon tried to invoke the “tradition of not being bound by anything” and the “tradition of riding a bull which has two horns” from Wonhyo. Also, Ilyeon called Uisang a practitioner of the scriptures of Huayan and a Buddhist priest who delivered the complete teachings of Huayan.
Based on this, he tried to graft the practical intellect and intellectual practicality of Wonhyo and Uisang to the reality of Buddhism in Goryeo.
His efforts had a profound influence on the later establishment and dissemination of their images.