Engineering drawing and design

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• PREFACE = ⅹ
• ACKNOWLEDGMENTS = xiii
• THE SHORT HISTORY OF MECHANICAL DRAWING = xv
• INTRODUCTION = 1
• Drafting Technology = 1
• Drafting Occupations = 1
• Professional Organization = 8
• How to Become a Drafter = 8
• Drafting Occupational Levels = 9
• Drafting Job Opportunities = 9
• Drafting Salaries and Working Conditions = 10
• Computers in Drafting = 10
• CHAPTER 1 DRAFTING EQUIPMENT, MEDIA, AND REPRODUCTION METHODS = 11
• Drafting Equipment = 11
• Drafting Furniture = 12
• Drafting Pencils, Leads, and Sharpeners = 13
• Technical Pens and Accessories = 15
• Erasers and Accessories = 16
• Drafting Instruments = 18
• Drafting Machines = 24
• Scales = 31
• Cleaning Drafting Equipment = 36
• Drafting Media = 36
• Papers and Films = 36
• Sheet Sizes, Title Blocks, and Borders = 37
• Diazo Reproduction = 42
• Safety Precautions for Diazo Printers = 43
• Photocopy Reproduction = 44
• Microfilm = 44
• Professional Perspective = 45
• Drafting Equipment Test = 46
• CHAPTER 2 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN AND DRAFTING (CADD) = 49
• What Is Computer Graphics? = 49
• Developing New Skills = 50
• The New Drafting Environment = 52
• Computers in Drafting = 53
• Industry and CADD = 56
• The CADD Job MarKet = 59
• Educational Preparation for CADD = 60
• The Language of the Computer = 61
• Drawing with the Computer = 63
• Computer Drafting Equipment = 68
• Future CADD Hardware and Software = 81
• CADD Materials = 82
• Getting Started with CADD = 85
• Creating and Using Symbols = 91
• Storing a Drawing = 92
• Professional Perspective = 93
• Engineering Problem = 93
• Introduction to CADD Test = 94
• Introduction to CADD Problems = 95
• CHAPTER 3 SKETCHING, LETTERING, AND LINES = 97
• Sketching = 97
• Tools and Materials = 97
• Straight Lines = 98
• Circular Lines = 98
• Measurement Lines and Proportions = 100
• Procedures in Sketching = 101
• Multiview Sketches = 102
• Isometric Sketches = 103
• Lettering = 108
• Single-Stroke Gothic Lettering = 108
• Microfont Lettering = 109
• Other Lettering Styles = 109
• Lettering Legibility = 111
• Lettering in Industry = 111
• Vertical Freehand Lettering = 112
• Lettering Techniques = 113
• Composition = 114
• Making Guidelines = 114
• Other Lettering Aid and Guideline Methods = 116
• Points to Remember = 116
• Lettering Guide Templates = 116
• Mechanical Lettering Equipment = 117
• Using Lettering Equipment = 118
• Machine Lettering = 119
• Typewriters = 120
• Transfer Lettering = 120
• Lines = 120
• Kinds of Lines = 122
• Pencil and Ink Line Techniques = 130
• Professional Perspective = 134
• Engineering Problem = 135
• Sketching, Lettering, and Lines Test = 136
• Sketching Problems = 137
• Lettering Problems = 138
• Line Problems = 138
• Drawing with the Computer Problems = 141
• CHAPTER 4 GEOMETRIC CONSTRUCTION = 143
• Line Characteristics = 143
• Geometric Shapes = 143
• Common Geometric Constructions = 146
• Constructing Polygons = 149
• Constructing Circles and Tangencies = 155
• Constructing an Ellipse = 159
• Professional Perspective = 162
• Engineering Problem = 162
• Geometric Construction Tast = 164
• Geometric Construction Problems = 164
• CHAPTER 5 MULTIVIEWS AND AUXILIARY VIEWS = 167
• Multiviews = 167
• View Selection = 170
• Projection of Circles and Arcs = 173
• Third-Angle Projection = 176
• First-Angle Projection = 177
• Layout Techniques = 178
• Auxiliary Views = 182
• Plotting Curves in Auxiliary Views = 186
• Enlargements = 186
• Secondary Auxiliary Views = 186
• Professional Perspective = 188
• Engineering Problem = 189
• Multiviews and Auxiliary Views Test = 189
• Multiviews and Auxiliary Views Problems = 190
• CHAPTER 6 DESCRIPTIVE GEOMETRY I = 206
• Standards of Projection = 207
• Projection of a Point = 208
• Lines in Space = 210
• Classification of Lines = 210
• Planes = 215
• Professional Perspective = 219
• Engineering Problem = 219
• Descriptive Geometry I Test = 220
• Descriptive Geometry I Problems = 221
• CHAPTER 7 DESCRIPTIVE GEOMETRY II = 226
• Directions of Lines and Planes = 226
• Horizontal Directions = 226
• Vertical Directions = 227
• Shortest Distance Between a Point and a Line = 229
• Shortest Distance Between Two Nonparallel, Nonintersecting Lines = 229
• Intersection of a Line and a Plane = 231
• Visibility = 231
• Intersection of Planes = 232
• Dihedral Angle (The Angle Between Two Planes) = 232
• Vector Geometry―An Introduction = 234
• Forces in Equilibrium = 238
• Professional Perspective = 240
• Engineering Problem = 241
• Descriptive Geometry II Test = 244
• Descriptive Geometry II Problems = 244
• CHAPTER 8 MANUFACTURING PROCESSES = 249
• Manufacturing Materials = 249
• Manufacturing Processes = 254
• Machine Processes = 259
• Tool Design = 273
• Statistical Process Control (SPC) = 274
• Professional Perspective = 276
• Engineering Problem = 276
• Manufacturing Processes Test = 277
• Manufactuiing Processes Problems = 278
• CHAPTER 9 DIMENSIONING = 279
• Dimensioning Systems = 279
• Basic Dimensioning Concepts = 284
• Notes for Size Features = 294
• Location Dimensions = 296
• Dimension Origin = 299
• Dimensioning Auxiliary Views = 299
• General Notes = 300
• Tolerancing = 302
• Dimensions Applied to Plating and Coatings = 306
• Maximum and Minimum Dimensions = 307
• Machined Surfaces = 311
• Design and Drafting of Machined Features = 316
• Symbols = 317
• Professional Perspective = 317
• Engineering Problem = 320
• Dimensioning Test = 324
• Dimensioning Problems = 325
• CHAPTER 10 FASTENERS AND SPRINGS = 339
• Screw-Thread Fasteners = 339
• Thread-Cutting Tools = 341
• Thread Forms = 342
• Thread Representations = 344
• Thread Notes = 348
• Measuring Screw Threads = 351
• Threaded Fasteners = 352
• Washers = 356
• Dowel Pins = 356
• Taper and Other Pins = 357
• Retaining Rings = 357
• Keys, Keyways, and Keyseats = 357
• Rivets = 358
• Springs = 359
• Professional Perspective = 363
• Engineering Problem = 363
• Fasteners and Springs Test = 364
• Fasteners and Springs Problems = 364
• CHAPTER 11 WELDING PROCESSES AND REPRESENTATIONS = 372
• Welding Processes = 372
• Elements of Welding Drawings = 375
• Welding Tests = 388
• Welding Specifications = 390
• Prequalified Welded Joints = 391
• Weld Design = 391
• Professional Perspective = 391
• Engineering Problem = 391
• Welding Processes Test = 392
• Welding Processes Problems = 393
• CHAPTER 12 SECTIONS, REVOLUTIONS, AND CONVENTIONAL BREAKS = 403
• Sectioning = 403
• Cutting-Plane Lines = 403
• Section Lines = 405
• Full Sections = 406
• Half Sections = 407
• Offset Sections = 407
• Aligned Sections = 408
• Unsectioned Features = 408
• Conventional Revolutions = 410
• Broken-Out Sections = 410
• Auxiliary Sections = 411
• Conventional Breaks = 411
• Revolved Sections = 412
• Removed Sections = 412
• Professional Perspective = 414
• Engineering Problem = 414
• Sectioning Test = 415
• Sectioning Problems = 416
• CHAPTER 13 GEOMETRIC TOLERANCING = 438
• General Tolerancing = 438
• Symbology = 439
• Datum Feature Symbols = 439
• Datum Reference Frame = 441
• Datum features = 441
• Datum Target Symbols = 445
• Datum Axis = 445
• Feature Control Frame = 448
• Basic Dimensions = 449
• Geometric Tolerances = 449
• Material Condition Symbols = 464
• Location Tolerance = 467
• Datum Precedence and Material Condition = 471
• Position of Multiple Features = 471
• Composite Positional Tolerancing = 473
• Projected Tolerance Zone = 474
• Virtual Condition = 478
• Combination Controls = 479
• Professional Perspective = 479
• Engineering Problem = 481
• Geometric Tolerancing Test = 483
• Geometric Tolerancing Problems = 484
• CHAPTER 14 MECHANISMS: LINKAGES, CAMS, GEARS = 497
• Mechanisms = 497
• Linkages = 498
• Linkage Symbols = 498
• Types of Linkages = 498
• Cams = 502
• Cam Displacement Diagrams = 503
• Construction of an In-Line Follower Plate Cam Profile = 506
• Construction of an Offset Follower Plate Cam Profile = 508
• Drum Cam Drawing = 509
• Gears = 511
• Gear Types = 511
• Spur Gear Design = 513
• Designing and Drawing Spur Gears = 515
• Designing Spur Gear Trains = 516
• Designing and Drawing the Rack and Pinion = 518
• Designing and Drawing Bevel Gears = 518
• Designing and Drawing Worm Gears = 518
• Bearings = 520
• Drawing Bearing Symbols = 524
• Bearing Codes = 524
• Bearing Selection = 525
• Gear and Bearing Assemblies = 529
• Professional Perspective = 531
• Engineering Problem = 531
• Mechanisms Test = 532
• Mechanisms Problems = 532
• CHAPTER 15 BELT AND CHAIN DRIVES = 540
• Advantages of Gear Drives = 540
• Advantages of Belt Drives = 540
• Advantages of Chain Drives = 541
• Belts and Belt Drives = 541
• Belt Types = 541
• Typical Belt Drive Arrangements = 543
• Belt Drive Selection = 544
• Chain Drives = 548
• Chain Drive Sprockets = 548
• Chain Classification and Types = 548
• Precision Chains = 548
• Nonprecision Chains = 549
• Light-Duty Chain = 550
• Chain Drive Arrangements = 551
• Roller Chain Drive Selection = 552
• Professional Perspective = 556
• Engineering Problem = 556
• Belt and Chain Drive Test = 556
• Belt and Chain Drive Problems = 557
• Sprocket Problems = 558
• Chain Chart Drawings = 560
• CHAPTER 16 WORKING DRAWINGS = 563
• Detail Drawings = 563
• Assembly Drawings = 565
• Types of Assembly Drawings = 568
• Identification Numbers = 573
• Parts Lists = 575
• Purchase Parts = 577
• Engineering Changes = 577
• Professional Perspective = 579
• Engineering Problem = 582
• Working Drawings Test = 582
• Working Drawings Problems = 583
• CHAPTER 17 PICTORIAL DRAWING = 606
• Pictorial Drawing = 606
• Isometric Projection = 608
• Types of Isometric Drawings = 609
• Isometric Construction Techniques = 609
• Dimetric Pictorial Representation = 615
• Dimetric Projection = 615
• Trimetric Pictorial Representation = 617
• Exploded Pictorial Drawing = 620
• Oblique Drawing = 621
• Perspective Drawing = 623
• One-Point Perspective = 624
• Two-Point Perspective = 624
• Three-Point Perspective = 625
• Circles and Curves in Perspective = 626
• Perspective Drawing Aids = 628
• Basic Shading Techniques = 628
• Layout Techniques = 630
• Professional Perspective = 630
• Engineering Problem = 631
• Pictorial Drawing Test = 632
• Pictorial Drawing Problems = 632
• CHAPTER 18 FLUID POWER = 638
• Force, Pressure, Work, Power = 638
• Hydraulics = 639
• Hydraulic Systems and Equipment = 639
• Fluid Power Diagrams = 643
• Symbol Rules = 648
• Pneumatics = 649
• Pneumatic Systems and Equipment = 650
• Pneumatic Diagrams = 652
• Professional Perspective = 654
• Engineering Problem = 654
• Fluid Power Test = 655
• Fluid Power Problems = 656
• CHAPTER 19 INDUSTRIAL PROCESS PIPING = 658
• Where Is Industrial Piping Used? = 659
• What Is Pipe Drafting? = 660
• Types of Pipe = 663
• Pipe Connection Methods = 666
• Fittings = 668
• Flanges = 672
• Valves = 675
• Pipe Drafting = 679
• Professional Perspective = 691
• Engineering Problem = 692
• Industrial Process Piping Test = 693
• Industrial Process Piping Problems = 693
• CHAPTER 20 STRUCTURAL DRAFTING = 699
• Line Work = 699
• Lettering = 699
• Structural Drafting Related to Construction Systems = 701
• Concrete Construction = 701
• Concrete Block Construction = 708
• Wood Construction = 712
• Steel Construction = 718
• Common Connection Methods = 725
• Components in a Set of Structural Drawings = 728
• Plot Plan Requirements = 736
• Professional Perspective = 745
• Engineering Problem = 746
• Structural Drafting Test = 748
• Structural Drafting Problems = 749
• CHAPTER 21 HEATING, VENTILATING, AND AIR CONDITIONING (HVAC)／SHEET METAL DRAFTING = 761
• Sheet Metal Drafting = 761
• HVAC Systems = 762
• Ventilation = 763
• Thermostat = 765
• HVAC Symbols = 765
• HVAC Drawings = 766
• Sheet Metal Drafting = 774
• Pattern Development = 774
• Intersections = 785
• Material Bending and Chassis Layout = 788
• Professional Perspective = 790
• Engineering Problem = 790
• HVAC／Sheet Metal Drafting Test = 790
• HVAC／Sheet Metal Drafting Problems = 791
• CHAPTER 22 ELECTRICAL DRAFTING = 800
• Fundamentals of Electrical Diagrams = 800
• Generation, Transmission, and Distribution of Electricity = 804
• The Electric Power Substation Design Drawings = 804
• Residential and Commercial Electrical Plans = 818
• Professional Perspective = 823
• Engineering Problem = 828
• Electrical Drafting Test = 830
• Electrical Drafting Problems = 830
• CHAPTER 23 ELECTRONIC SCHEMATIC DRAFTING = 841
• Electronic Diagrams = 841
• Printed Circuit Technology = 854
• Pictorial Drawings = 861
• Professional Perspective = 862
• Engineering Problem = 863
• Electronic Schematic Drafting Test = 863
• Electronic Schematic Drafting Problems = 864
• CHAPTER 24 ENGINEERING CHARTS AND GRAPHS = 870
• Rectilinear Charts = 871
• Surface Charts = 878
• Column Charts = 878
• Pie Charts = 880
• Polar Charts = 881
• Nomographs = 881
• Trilinear Charts = 883
• Flowcharts = 883
• Distribution Charts = 884
• Pictorial Charts = 884
• Professional Perspective = 885
• Engineering Problem = 887
• Engineering Charts and Graphs Test = 888
• Engineering Charts and Graphs Problems = 889
• APPENDICES = 893
• Appendix A Abbreviations = 894
• Appendix B Tables = 898
• Appendix C American National Standards of Interest to Designers, Architects, and Drafters = 925
• Appendix D Unified Screw Thread Variations = 926
• Appendix E Metric Screw Thread Variations = 928
• Appendix F Geometric Tolerancing Symbol Trees = 929
• Appendix G Designation of Welding and Allied Processes by Letters = 932
• Appendix H Structural Metal Shape Designations = 934
• Appendix I Corrosion Resistant Flanges and Fittings = 948
• Appendix J Threaded Fittings and Threaded Couplings, Reducers and Caps = 950
• Appendix K Valves = 951
• Appendix L Symbols = 954
• GLOSSARY = 955
• INDEX = 961