‘스마트 국가 (Smart Nation)’ 상상하기와 ‘사회적 가속’ 싱가포르 ‘도시 캄풍 (Urban Kampung)’을 중심으로 = ‘Smart Nation’ and ‘Social Acceleration’: Imagining ‘Urban Kampung’ in Singapore

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper discusses the significance of ‘social acceleration’ in imagining ‘smartness’ by examining the Singapore governmental vision, ‘Smart Nation’ and its subsidiary research project ‘New Urban Kampung’. The Housing Development Board has planned to collect the data about population, work, leisure, and urban infrastructures to create a platform to be used for public housing design. The Board, together with the private sectors comprising of university-affiliated research centers and enterprise R&D organizations, has conducted a research project, ‘New Urban Kampung’ to utilize ICT (Information Communication Technology) for designing public housing. The project is a part of the ‘Smart Nation’ vision, which has been launched in 2014. It provides a grant narrative to illustrate a Singaporean way to make ‘smart city’. Its outcome will be utilized for future public housing design. The author participated in the project between 2017 and 2019. This article thus aims to discuss important implications induced during the study rather than examine the feasibility of particular policies. Specifically, the author discusses first why public housing estates are regarded as a crucial place to reproduce a Singaporean way of life; second, the content of ‘Smart Vision’; third, the experience of ‘accelerating time’ drawn from the interviews with public housing estates residents. The paper puts forward the notion of time, which has been rarely discussed in the smart discourses. Thereby it explores the Singaporean responses and challenges to cope with post-growth society.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Brenner, Neil, 34 (34): 349-379, 2002

2 이매뉴얼 월러스틴, "지식의 불확실성" 창비 2004

3 조정환, "인지자본주의 시대의 인공지능과 인지노동" 105 : 53-76, 2021

4 박준 ; 유승호, "스마트시티의 함의에 대한 비판적 이해: 정보통신기술, 거버넌스, 지속가능성, 도시개발 측면을 중심으로" 한국공간환경학회 27 (27): 128-155, 2017

5 김한준, "스마트시대, 도시계획의 확장 및 전환" 한국공간환경학회 27 (27): 86-127, 2017

6 박배균, "스마트 도시론의 급진적 재구성: 르페브르의 ‘도시혁명’론을 바탕으로" 한국공간환경학회 30 (30): 141-171, 2020

7 하르트문트 로자, "소외와 가속 : 후기 근대 시간성 비판" 앨피 2020

8 Cho, Mihye, "“Small Places” of Ageing in a High-Rise Housing Neighbourhood" 47 : 57-65, 2018

9 Bauman, Zygmunt, "Work, Consumerism and the New Poor" McGraw-Hill Education 2005

10 Glaeser, Edward L., "Why Are Smart Places Getting Smarter" Rappaport Institute/Taubman Center 2006

11 Pink, Sarah, "Urban Social Movements and Small Places: Slow Cities as Sites of Activism" 13 (13): 451-465, 2009

12 Hollands, Robert G., "The Routledge Companion to Smart Cities" Routledge 179-199, 2020

13 Wright, James D., "The Quality of Life: Comparative Studies by Alexander Szalai and Frank M. Andrews" 11 (11): 78-79, 1982

14 Hee, Limin, "The Politics of Public Space Planning in Singapore" 18 (18): 79-103, 2003

15 Ho, Kong Chong, "The Neighbourhood Roots of Social Cohesion: Notes on an Exceptional Case of Singapore" 36 (36): 290-312, 2018

16 Tan, Soo Jiuan, "The Influence of Value Orientations and Demographics on Quality-Of-Life Perceptions: Evidence From a National Survey of Singaporeans" 78 (78): 33-59, 2006

17 Tan, Kenneth Paul, "The Ideology of Pragmatism: Neo-Liberal Globalisation and Political Authoritarianism in Singapore" 42 (42): 67-92, 2012

18 Lefebvre, Henri, "The Everyday and Everydayness" 73 : 7-11, 1987

19 Shelton, Talyor, "The 'Actually Existing Smart City'" 8 (8): 13-25, 2015

20 Seik, Foo Tuan, "Subjective Assessment of Urban Quality of Life in Singapore (1997- 1998)" 24 (24): 31-49, 2000

21 Hampton, Keith N., "Studying the Digital: Directions and Challenges for Digital Methods" 43 : 167-188, 2017

22 Rosa, Hartmut, "Social Acceleration: Ethical and Political Consequences of a Desynchronized High-Speed Society" 10 (10): 3-33, 2003

23 Cocchia, Annalisa, "Smart and Digital City: A Systematic Literature Review" Springer International Publishing 13-43, 2014

24 Anthopoulos, Leonidas, "Smart Utopia vs Smart Reality: Learning by Experience From 10 Smart City Cases" 63 : 128-148, 2016

25 Ho, Ezra, "Smart Subjects for a Smart Nation? Governing (Smart) Mentalities in Singapore" 54 (54): 3101-3118, 2017

26 Grossi, Giuseppe, "Smart Cities: Utopia or Neoliberal Ideology?" 69 : 79-85, 2017

27 Giffinger Rudolf, "Smart Cities: Ranking of European Medium-Sized Cities" Centre of Regional Science 2007

28 Angelidou, Margartita, "Smart Cities: A Conjuncture of Four Forces" 47 : 95-106, 2015

29 Barns, Sarah, "Smart Cities and Urban Data Platforms: Designing Interfaces for Smart Governance" 12 : 5-12, 2018

30 Carvalho, Luís, "Smart Cities From Scratch? A Socio-Technical Perspective" 8 (8): 43-60, 2015

31 Jie, Woo Jun, "Singapore’s Smart Nation Initiative-a Policy and Organisational Perspective"

32 Centre for Liveable Cities, "Singapore’s Evolution Into a Smart Nation"

33 Yuen, Belinda, "Singapore: Smart City, Smart State by Kent E. Calder Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2016. Pp. 233. Appendix, Notes, Bibiliography, Index" 49 (49): 349-351, 2018

34 Nallari, Anupama, "Rethinking ‘Kampung’or ‘Village’ in the (Re) Making of Singapore and Singaporeans" 42 (42): 431-450, 2021

35 Campbell Angus, "Quality of American Life: The Perceptions, Evaluations, and Satisfactions" Russell Sage Foundation 1976

36 Teo, S. E., "Public Housing in Singapore: Interpreting “Quality” in the 1990s" 34 (34): 441-452, 1997

37 Yeoh, Brenda SA, "Portraits of Places: History, Community and Identity in Singapore" 1995

38 Chua, Beng-Huat, "Political Legitimacy and Housing: Stakeholding in Singapore" Routledge 1997

39 Parkins, Wendy, "Out of Time: Fast Subjects and Slow Living" 13 (13): 363-382, 2004

40 Peck, Jamie, "Neoliberalizing Space" 34 (34): 380-404, 2002

41 Kitchin, Rob, "Making Sense of Smart Cities: Addressing Present Shortcomings" 8 (8): 131-136, 2015

42 Granier Benoit, "How Are Citizens Involved in Smart Cities? Analyzing Citizen Participation in Japanese ‘Smart Communities’" 21 : 61-76, 2016

43 Tambyah, Siok Kuan, "Happiness, Wellbeing and Society: What Matters for Singaporeans" Routledge 2018

44 Ahas, Rein, "Everyday Space-time Geographies: Using Mobile Phone-based Sensor Data to Monitor Urban Activity in Harbin, Paris, and Tallinn" 29 (29): 2017-2039, 2015

45 Hoe, Siu Loon, "Defining a Smart Nation: the Case of Singapore" 14 (14): 323-333, 2016

46 Hollands, Robert G., "Critical Interventions into the Corporate Smart City" 8 (8): 61-77, 2015

47 Castells, Manuel, "Crisis, Planning, and the Quality of Life: Managing the New Historical Relationships Between Space and Society" (1) : 3-21, 1983

48 Chong, Keng Hua, "Creative Ageing Cities" Routledge 19-46, 2018

49 Mayer, Heike, "Community quality-of-life indicators: Best cases iii" Springer 21-40, 2009

50 Rosa, Hartmut, "Appropriation, Activation and Acceleration: The Escalatory Logics of Capitalist Modernity and the Crises of Dynamic Stabilization" 34 (34): 53-73, 2017

51 Gieryn, Thomas F., "A Space for Place in Sociology" 26 (26): 463-496, 2000

52 Chang, Sishir, "A High-Rise Vernacular in Singapore's Housing Development Board Housing" 14 (14): 2000