양파(Allium cepa) 외피 추출물의 모발 염색성과 생쥐 피부에 미치는 효과 = (The) effects of onion(Allium cepa) skin extracts on human hair dyeing and mouse skin

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Onions are commonly available and easily processed, and since their skins are thrown away they could be very useful materials from the viewpoint of environmental preservation. This study aimed to process onion skins into the state of powder and look into the optimum condition for hair dyeing by decoloring virgin hair four times and observing the hair dyeing quality and its mechanical and morphologic changes by the different condition of onion skins in duration, temperature, density, pH, and mordant treatment. In addition, it tried to investigate how the treatment of onion skin affect the skin by eliminating the hair of 6-week old, male C57BL mice, projecting the UVB of the 800 mJ/㎠ light volume, and classifying them into the UVB irradiation group with the passage of 24, 48, 72, 120, and 168 hours after causing skin damages and the UVB + Onion Skin group with the application of the 0.5 % density powder extracted from onion skin and made in the state of emulsion, by 0.2 g twice a day. The findings of the observations on the histological changes at the skin membrane and enzyme activity are as follows:

1. In the case of hair dyeing with the onion skin extracts, the values of K/S and color difference(ΔE) were effective in the dyeing quality at the acidity of pH 4, and the dyeing quality increased as the duration and density increased. In addition, the dyeing quality was high at 40 ℃ for the value of K/S and at 60 ℃ for the value of ΔE when the temperature changed. By the mordant, the K/S value was high in the order of Fe > non.(non-mordanted) > Al > Cu > A.a. (acetic acid) and the ΔE value was high in the order of Fe > Cu > Al > A.a. > non., showing that the value of Fe was the highest and there was little ΔE among Al, A.a., and non-mordant. Thus, by the mordant, Fe and non. were considered effective for hair dyeing.
2. Most of the H values belonged to the yellowish red(YR) category of 9.16YR～10.00YR, and the dyeing conditions of 40 ℃ temperature, 30 % o.w.f density, and pH 4 were effective for the dyeing of the yellow(Y) color category. However, the hair color is to be determined by the quantity and distribution of melanin pigment, and because of this the error range of color difference is considered to exist in the color expression of hair.
3. Through the decoloring treatment, the tensile strength of hair decreased and its elongation increased. When onion skin application was used for the dyeing of bleaching hair, tensile strength could forecast the hair damages depending on the treatment condition, and the elongation was less, when compared with bleaching hair, though showing constant changes according to the treatment condition. Accordingly, the degree of damages could not be forecast because of the inconstant ratio relationship.
4. The observations of hair surface through scanning microscopy showed the formation of cuticle layer, though in a little blown-up state in the case of the hair dyed with onion skin application, when compared with bleaching hair with the completely dissolved cuticle layer.
5. In the case of TEWL, all of the groups showed significant increases(p＜0.05), when compared with the UVB+Onion Skin group, it decreased when compared with in the UVB group. The measured quantity of melanin and erythema showed increases when compared with the UVB+Onion Skin group, it decreased when compared with in the UVB group.
6. According to the measurement of SOD activity after the irradiation of UVB, the UVB+Onion Skin group showed decreases in 72 hours, 120 hours and 168 hours, all the groups showed decrease, when compared with in the UVB group. The measurement of CAT activity showed decreases the UVB+Onion Skin group, when compared with the control group and UVB group.
7. Light microscope(LM) observations indicated that the onion skin application had an inflammation alleviation effect.
8. According to Scanning electron microscope(SEM) observations, the UVB irradiation group showed a seemingly dry skin surface in 48 hours, the formation of uneven scab in 72 hours, and the overlapped surface in the irregular plate shape in 168 hours without any fine wrinkle. The UVB + Onion Skin group showed the formation of many vacuole over the swellings of even width in 72 hours, which appeared to have been made in the shape of emulsion to make a kind of membrane and thereby vacuole, and fine wrinkles were observed in 168 hours, though with a weak level of overlapping. Onion skins were considered to allay the skin.

According to the above findings of experiments, the dyeing quality of the hair dyes with onion skin application was excellent, the dyeing was also feasible without mordants, and the use of Fe as the mordant increased dyeing exhaustion more, which would make it an effective hair dye. In addition, the treatment of onion skin on the skin of mice produced little free radicals on skin tissue, which were removed quickly, relieving free radical stress, thus causing less damages on skin and lessening the inflammation reactions. It supports the effectiveness of onion skins on the skin irritability at the time of hair dye treatment.

These results of the experiments indicate that the natural pigment extracted from onion skins can be actually used for hair dyeing from the viewpoints of the dyeing quality and the skin treatment.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 표목차 ⅳ
• 도목차 ⅵ
• ABSTRACT ⅺ
• I. 서론 1
• II. 재료 및 방법 14
• A. 시료 및 추출 14
• 1. 양파 외피 추출 14
• 2. 실험모발 14
• 3. 실험동물 17
• 4. 시약 17
• B. 실험방법 18
• 1. 모발실험 방법 18
• a. 모발 염색(Hair dyeing) 18
• b. 염착량 측정(Dyeing exhaustion) 18
• c. 표면색 측정(Surface color) 19
• d. 인장강신도(Tensile strength & Elongation) 21
• e. 주사전자현미경적 관찰(Scanning electron microscope : SEM) 21
• 2. 동물실험 방법 21
• a. 실험동물의 구분 21
• b. 자외선 조사 22
• c. emulsion 제조 22
• d. 경표피수분증발량 측정(Transepidermal water loss : TEWL) 24
• e. 멜라닌 양, 홍반지수 측정((Melanin value & Erythema index) 24
• f. 피부적출 25
• g. 생화학적 분석 25
• (1) 효소 시료의 조제 25
• (2) 피부조직의 단백질 정량 측정 26
• (3) 피부조직의 항산화 효소 활성도 측정 26
• 1) SOD 활성 측정(Superoxide dismutase activity : SOD activity) 26
• 2) CAT 활성 측정(Catalase activity : CAT activity) 26
• h. 조직학적 관찰 27
• (1) 광학현미경적 관찰(Light microscope : LM) 27
• (2) 주사전자현미경적 관찰(Scanning electron microscope : SEM) 27
• i. 자료분석 27
• III. 결과 28
• A. 모발실험 결과 28
• 1. 양파 외피 추출 색소의 모발 염색성 28
• a. 염색시간에 따른 염색성 28
• b. 염색온도에 따른 염색성 32
• c. 염색농도에 따른 염색성 36
• d. 염색의 pH에 따른 염색성 40
• e. 매염방법에 따른 염색성 44
• 2. 인장강신도 50
• 3. 모발의 주사전자현미경적 관찰 55
• a. 실험모발 55
• b. 염색시간에 따른 형태학적 관찰 57
• c. 염색온도에 따른 형태학적 관찰 59
• d. 염색농도에 따른 형태학적 관찰 61
• e. 염색 pH에 따른 형태학적 관찰 63
• f. 매염제에 따른 형태학적 관찰 65
• B. 동물실험 결과 67
• 1. 경표피수분증발량 측정 67
• 2. 멜라닌 양 측정 70
• 3. 홍반지수 측정 73
• 4. 피부조직의 항산화 효소 활성도 측정 76
• a. SOD 활성 측정 76
• b. CAT 활성 측정 79
• 5. 조직학적 관찰 82
• a. 광학현미경적 관찰 82
• b. 주사전자현미경적 관찰 86
• IV. 고찰 89
• V. 결론 100
• 참고문헌 102