심장 수술에서 급성신장손상 = Acute kidney injury in cardiac surgery

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Acute kidney injury is a common and serious complication after major cardiovascular surgery and is independently associated with poor short- and long-term outcomes. The pathogenesis of cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury is complex and involves multiple pathways including hemodynamic, inflammatory, metabolic and nephrotoxic factors. Three definitions of acute kidney injury based on serum creatinine and urine output (RIFLE, AKIN, and KDIGO criteria) have been proposed and validated. Several novel biomarkers of acute kidney injury have been developed to facilitate the subclinical diagnosis of acute kidney injury, as well as the better risk stratification of patients. Despite the high-quality research conducted in this field to date, there is very little evidence supporting specific interventions to treat acute kidney injury in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery. Thus, early identification of high-risk patients and preventing cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury by mitigating risk factors or avoiding renal insults remains the mainstay of management. Although some strategies have shown promising results in renoprotection, further large randomized trials are needed to confirm the benefit of such approaches.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Ferguson MA, "Urinary liver-type fatty acid-binding protein predicts adverse outcomes in acute kidney injury" 77 : 708-714, 2010

2 Koyner JL, "Urinary biomarkers in the clinical prognosis and early detection of acute kidney injury" 5 : 2154-2165, 2010

3 Vanmassenhove J, "Urinary and serum biomarkers for the diagnosis of acute kidney injury: an in-depth review of the literature" 28 : 254-273, 2013

4 Liangos O, "Urinary N-acetyl-beta-(D)-glucosaminidase activity and kidney injury molecule-1 level are associated with adverse outcomes in acute renal failure" 18 : 904-912, 2007

5 Parikh CR, "Urinary IL-18 is an early predictive biomarker of acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery" 70 : 199-203, 2006

6 Haji Mohd Yasin NA, "The role of remote ischemic preconditioning in organ protection after cardiac surgery : a meta-analysis" 186 : 207-216, 2014

7 Karkouti K, "The influence of baseline hemoglobin concentration on tolerance of anemia in cardiac surgery" 48 : 666-672, 2008

8 Lazar HL, "The Society of Thoracic Surgeons practice guideline series : Blood glucose management during adult cardiac surgery" 87 : 663-669, 2009

9 Bhamidipati CM, "Superiority of moderate control of hyperglycemia to tight control in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting" 141 : 543-551, 2011

10 Spahillari A, "Serum cystatin C-versus creatinine-based definitions of acute kidney injury following cardiac surgery : a prospective cohort study" 60 : 922-929, 2012

11 Truwit JD, "Rosuvastatin for sepsis-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome" 370 : 2191-2200, 2014

12 Ko B, "Risk of acute kidney injury in patients who undergo coronary angiography and cardiac surgery in close succession" 33 : 2065-2070, 2012

13 Yamamoto T, "Renal L-type fatty acid--binding protein in acute ischemic injury" 18 : 2894-2902, 2007

14 Gassanov N, "Remote ischemic preconditioning and renoprotection: from myth to a novel therapeutic option?" 25 : 216-224, 2014

15 Kim JY, "Relationship between a perioperative intravenous fluid administration strategy and acute kidney injury following off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery : an observational study" 19 : 350-, 2015

16 Kidher E, "Pulse wave velocity and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as predictors of acute kidney injury following aortic valve replacement" 9 : 89-, 2014

17 Durmaz I, "Prophylactic dialysis in patients with renal dysfunction undergoing on-pump coronary artery bypass surgery" 75 : 859-864, 2003

18 Song YR, "Prevention of acute kidney injury by erythropoietin in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting : a pilot study" 30 : 253-260, 2009

19 Shlipak MG, "Presurgical serum cystatin C and risk of acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery" 58 : 366-373, 2011

20 Argalious M, "Preoperative statin therapy is not associated with a reduced incidence of postoperative acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery" 111 : 324-330, 2010

21 Huffmyer JL, "Preoperative statin administration is associated with lower mortality and decreased need for postoperative hemodialysis in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery" 23 : 468-473, 2009

22 Wang X, "Preoperative serum cystatin C combined with dipstick proteinuria predicts acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery" 36 : 1497-1503, 2014

23 Lee EH, "Preoperative hypoalbuminemia is a major risk factor for acute kidney injury following off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery" 38 : 1478-1486, 2012

24 Cao L, "Preoperative aspirin use and outcomes in cardiac surgery patients" 255 : 399-404, 2012

25 Bayer O, "Perioperative fluid therapy with tetrastarch and gelatin in cardiac surgery--a prospective sequential analysis*" 41 : 2532-2542, 2013

26 Ranucci M1, "Oxygen delivery during cardiopulmonary bypass and acute renal failure after coronary operations" 80 : 2213-2220, 2005

27 Lamy A, "Off-pump or on-pump coronary-artery bypass grafting at 30 days" 366 : 1489-1497, 2012

28 Nigwekar SU, "Off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery and acute kidney injury : a meta-analysis of randomized and observational studies" 54 : 413-423, 2009

29 Epstein M, "Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the continuum of renal dysfunction" 20 : S17-S23, 2002

30 Haase-Fielitz A, "Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as a biomarker of acute kidney injury : a critical evaluation of current status" 51 : 335-351, 2014

31 Wang G, "N-acetylcysteine in cardiac surgery : do the benefits outweigh the risks? A meta-analytic reappraisal" 25 : 268-275, 2011

32 Lassnigg A, "Minimal changes of serum creatinine predict prognosis in patients after cardiothoracic surgery : a prospective cohort study" 15 : 1597-1605, 2004

33 Shaw AD, "Major complications, mortality, and resource utilization after open abdominal surgery: 0.9% saline compared to Plasma-Lyte" 255 : 821-829, 2012

34 Han WK, "Kidney Injury Molecule-1(KIM-1) : a novel biomarker for human renal proximal tubule injury" 62 : 237-244, 2002

35 Palevsky PM, "KDOQI US commentary on the 2012 KDIGO clinical practice guideline for acute kidney injury" 61 : 649-672, 2013

36 Omerika L, "Importance of determination of urine neutrophile gelatinase associated lipocalin in early detection of acute kidney injury" 38 : 161-166, 2014

37 Lee EH, "Impact of the time of coronary angiography on acute kidney injury after elective off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery" 96 : 1635-1641, 2013

38 Swaminathan M, "Impact of early renal recovery on survival after cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury" 89 : 1098-1104, 2010

39 Karkouti K, "Hemodilution during cardiopulmonary bypass is an independent risk factor for acute renal failure in adult cardiac surgery" 129 : 391-400, 2005

40 Aya HD, "Goal-directed therapy in cardiac surgery : a systematic review and meta-analysis" 110 : 510-517, 2013

41 Mehta RL, "Glycemic control and critical illness: is the kidney involved?" 18 : 2623-2627, 2007

42 Prowle JR, "Fluid balance and acute kidney injury" 6 : 107-115, 2010

43 Zangrillo A, "Fenoldopam and acute renal failure in cardiac surgery : a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials" 26 : 407-413, 2012

44 Yao L, "Evidence for preoperative aspirin improving major outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing cardiac surgery : a cohort study" 261 : 207-212, 2015

45 Royse AG, "Epiaortic ultrasound assessment of the aorta in cardiac surgery" 23 : 335-341, 2009

46 Lapsia V, "Elevated uric acid increases the risk for acute kidney injury" 125 (125): e9-e17, 2012

47 Tian ML, "Efficacy and safety of perioperative sodium bicarbonate therapy for cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury : a meta-analysis" 65 : 130-136, 2015

48 Mentzer RM Jr, "Effects of perioperative nesiritide in patients with left ventricular dysfunction undergoing cardiac surgery : the NAPA Trial" 49 : 716-726, 2007

49 Lamy A, "Effects of off-pump and on-pump coronary-artery bypass grafting at 1 year" 368 : 1179-1188, 2013

50 Ejaz AA, "Effect of uric acid lowering therapy on the prevention of acute kidney injury in cardiovascular surgery" 45 : 449-458, 2013

51 Layton JB, "Effect of statin use on acute kidney injury risk following coronary artery bypass grafting" 111 : 823-828, 2013

52 Yoo YC, "Effect of single recombinant human erythropoietin injection on transfusion requirements in preoperatively anemic patients undergoing valvular heart surgery" 115 : 929-937, 2011

53 Lee EH, "Effect of exogenous albumin on the incidence of postoperative acute kidney injury in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery with a preoperative albumin level of less than 4.0 g/dl" 124 : 1001-1011, 2016

54 Sugahara S, "Early start on continuous hemodialysis therapy improves survival rate in patients with acute renal failure following coronary bypass surgery" 8 : 320-325, 2004

55 Brown JR, "Duration of acute kidney injury impacts long-term survival after cardiac surgery" 90 : 1142-1148, 2010

56 Hong DM, "Does remote ischaemic preconditioning with postconditioning improve clinical outcomes of patients undergoing cardiac surgery? Remote Ischaemic Preconditioning with Postconditioning Outcome Trial" 35 : 176-183, 2014

57 Harrison DJ, "Distribution of glutathione S-transferase isoenzymes in human kidney : basis for possible markers of renal injury" 42 : 624-628, 1989

58 McCullough PA, "Contrast-induced acute kidney injury" 51 : 1419-1428, 2008

59 Sezai A, "Continuous low-dose infusion of human atrial natriuretic peptide in patients with left ventricular dysfunction undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting : the NU-HIT(Nihon University working group study of low-dose Human ANP Infusion Therapy during cardiac surgery)for left ventricular dysfunction" 55 : 1844-1851, 2010

60 Kumar AB, "Cardiopulmonary bypass-associated acute kidney injury" 114 : 964-970, 2011

61 DioDato CP, "Cardiopulmonary bypass recommendations in adults : the northern New England experience" 40 : 16-20, 2008

62 Vives M, "Cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury" 18 : 637-645, 2014

63 Ono M, "Blood pressure excursions below the cerebral autoregulation threshold during cardiac surgery are associated with acute kidney injury" 41 : 464-471, 2013

64 de Geus HR, "Biomarkers for the prediction of acute kidney injury : a narrative review on current status and future challenges" 5 : 102-108, 2012

65 Joung KW, "Association of preoperative uric acid and acute kidney injury following cardiovascular surgery" 28 : 1440-1447, 2014

66 Molnar AO, "Association between preoperative statin use and acute kidney injury biomarkers in cardiac surgical procedures" 97 : 2081-2087, 2014

67 Mangano DT, "Aspirin and mortality from coronary bypass surgery" 347 : 1309-1317, 2002

68 Habib RH, "Adverse effects of low hematocrit during cardiopulmonary bypass in the adult: should current practice be changed?" 125 : 1438-1450, 2003

69 Karkouti K, "Advance targeted transfusion in anemic cardiac surgical patients for kidney protection : an unblinded randomized pilot clinical trial" 116 : 613-621, 2012

70 Bellomo R, "Acute renal failure - definition, outcome measures, animal models, fluid therapy and information technology needs: the Second International Consensus Conference of the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI) Group" 8 : R204-R212, 2004

71 Kramer RS, "Acute kidney injury subsequent to cardiac surgery" 47 : 16-28, 2015

72 Gaffney AM, "Acute kidney injury in cardiac surgery" 28 : 50-59, 2015

73 Bastin AJ, "Acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery according to Risk/Injury/Failure/Loss/End-stage, Acute Kidney Injury Network, and Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes classifications" 28 : 389-396, 2013

74 Karkouti K, "Acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery : focus on modifiable risk factors" 119 : 495-502, 2009

75 Mehta RL, "Acute Kidney Injury Network: report of an initiative to improve outcomes in acute kidney injury" 11 : R31-, 2007

76 Thiele RH, "AKI associated with cardiac surgery" 10 : 500-514, 2015

77 Ferraris VA, "2011 update to the Society of Thoracic Surgeons and the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists blood conservation clinical practice guidelines" 91 : 944-982, 2011