永川 金剛城 과 皇甫能長 = The Yeongcheon Geumgang-seong fortress and Hwangbo Neungjang

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

There has been little scholarship on the Geumgang-seong fortress, the base of operations of Hwangbo Neungjang, a member of local gentry who was active in the Golhwa and Dodong region of today’s Yeongcheon city in the late Silla and early Goryeo period. Ten years ago, I examined the Golhwa-seong fortress with relations with Little State of Golhwa. Under these circumstances, this study seeks to analyze the historical facts about Hwangbo Neungjang, the founder of the Yeongcheon Hwangbo clan, and his Keumgang-seong fortress by making clear the location of the fortress and its current conditions and its surrounding circumstances. Through this analysis, we may understand the relationship between the Geumgang-seong fortress and the Golhwa-seong fortress and Hwangbo Neungjang’s activities at the Geumgang-seong fortress.
As for the location of the Geumgang-seong fortress, this study has examined various historical materials, including the Daedong yeojido (Map of Korea) and eupji (descriptions of towns) and makes clear that the Geumgang-seong fortress might have been located in the place where the Golhwa-seong fortress that had been constructed durinod of King Jijeung of the Silla kingdom was positioned and the fortress might have been the very one that the existing Golhwa-seong fortress was reconstructed. Also, the Geumgang-san mountain is seen as the very mountain positioned throughout today's Wansan-dong, Beomeo-dong, Daeeui-dong of the Gogyeong-myeon township. The Golhwa-seong fortress might have been located around the highest peak of the Geumgang-san mountain from the time of Little State of Golhwa on. Seen from its current conditions and its surrounding circumstances, the Nam-cheon river that flows north of the fortress, and the old transportation routes, the place where the Geumgang-san fortress was positioned might have been a strategic point in terms of transportation and military affairs. It might have been located in the most suitable place that made the most use of geographical features.
This study confirms that in the early Goryeo period Hwangbo Neungjang, who was also called Neungjang, Seongjang, and Neungmun diffrently, was a member of the highest local gentry. This essay presumes that the Geumgang-san fortress located in the center of the Geumgang-san mountain might have been a typical example of Goryeo kingdom's administrative fortresses, but it reserves the final conclusion, because of obscurity about the location of the district office and the local government's administrators. The excavation of hilly districts of Wansan-dong and precise survey of the surface of the earth lead us to further approach to realities of the Geumgang-san fortress. This study looks forward to much criticism and correction for future supplementation from the public.

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