Analyses on the Perception’s Differences of Online Teaching Activity according to the Level of Self-Directed Learning in Higher Education Using the IPA Technique

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study was to identify learners' perception of teaching activities in online classes that were forcibly switched due to COVID-19, and to compare and analyze differences in importance and performance of online teaching activities according to the level of selfdirected learning in university students. To address these goals, 31 university students who took courses operated as online classes at university participated in this study, and the collected data were analyzed according to IPA procedures and methods. As a result, for online teaching activities, class attendance check and encouragement, clarity of class objectives, the ability to deliver the content of learning, and the ability of the instructor to deliver lectures were identified as factors to be constantly emphasized. Depending on the level of self-directed learning, there were significant differences between importance and performance in high level learners' interaction strategy with instructor, interaction strategy with learner, and timely provision of instructor's feedback. On the other hand, there was no significant difference between the importance and performance of online teaching activities for learners with a low level of self-directed learning. Based on these research results, several implications for the design of effective online teaching activities in future university education were proposed.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 정영란, "한-아세안 사이버 대학 교수자들의 이러닝 수업의 성공 요인에 대한 인식 연구" 한국교육공학회 32 (32): 955-986, 2016

2 조은순, "포스트 코로나시대 비대면 수업을 위한 교육공학의 역할과 과제" 한국교육공학회 36 (36): 693-713, 2020

3 홍성연, "코로나19로 인한 비대면 원격교육환경에서 학습성과 영향 요인 분석" 한국교육공학회 36 (36): 957-989, 2020

4 이지연, "코로나19 시대 온라인 수업의 도전과 과제" 한국교육공학회 36 (36): 671-692, 2020

5 이동주, "코로나19 상황에서의 대학 온라인 원격교육 실태와 개선 방안" 한국멀티미디어언어교육학회 23 (23): 359-377, 2020

6 최경애, "이러닝 환경에서 성인의 자기주도성에 따른 학습전략 활용도의 차이" 한국교육개발원 36 (36): 137-163, 2009

7 주영진, "온라인에서 보낸 한 학기: 디지털 대면수업, 그 경험의 의미" 한국교육공학회 36 (36): 805-838, 2020

8 성은모, "온라인 소프트웨어 교육 학습자들의 자기주도학습 유형 분류 및 특징 분석" 한국컴퓨터교육학회 22 (22): 31-46, 2019

9 이의길, "온라인 성인학습자의 자기주도학습 수준과 사회적 실재감이 학습결과에 미치는 영향" 한국평생교육학회 19 (19): 27-50, 2013

10 성은모, "비대면 온라인 프로젝트학습 교수학습모형 개발 연구" 한국교육방법학회 33 (33): 227-270, 2021

11 이종만, "무엇이 이러닝을 성공으로 이끄는가: 학습자 만족에 영향을 미치는 주요요인을 중심으로" 대한경영학회 24 (24): 2245-2257, 2011

12 김선희, "디지털 매체 활용 포럼연극 수업설계의 개념 모형 개발" 한국교육공학회 32 (32): 453-486, 2016

13 성은모, "대학교육에서 성적 우수 학습자의 자기주도학습역량 요인 탐색" 한국교육공학회 32 (32): 427-452, 2016

14 송연옥, "교사들의 디지털교과서 사용 경험에 관한 근거이론적 접근" 한국교육공학회 28 (28): 231-262, 2012

15 Rha. I. J., "Web-based instruction" Kyoyookbook 1999

16 Jung, I. S, "Understanding of distance education" Kyoyookbook 2004

17 Dabbagh, N., "The online learner : Characteristics and pedagogical implications" 7 (7): 217-226, 2007

18 Hong, S., "The distance learner competencies: A three-phased empirical approach" 59 (59): 21-42, 2011

19 Min, H., "Status and Analysis of Non face-to-face Education at Seoul National University. The issues of higher education due to Covid 19" 2020

20 Cohen, J., "Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences" Lawrence Erlbaum Associates 1988

21 Knowles, M. S., "Self-directed learning" Association Press 1975

22 진성희, "Learning Activities and Learning Behaviors for Learning Analytics in e-Learning Environments" 한국교육공학회 17 (17): 175-202, 2016

23 Martilla, J. A, "Importance–performance analysis" 41 (41): 77-79, 1977

24 Martin, F., "Engagement matters: Student perceptions on the importance of engagement strategies in the online learning environment" 22 (22): 205-222, 2018

25 Gayton, J., "Effective online instructional and assessment strategies" 21 (21): 117-132, 2007

26 Moore, M. G., "Distance education : A system view" Thomson/Wadsworth 1996

27 Moore, M., "Distance education" Thomson Learning, Inc 2005

28 Dixson, M. D., "Creating effective student engagement in online courses: What do students find engaging?" 10 (10): 1-13, 2010

29 정한호, "Covid-19 확산이 교육계에 주는 도전: 모두를 위한 질 높은 원격수업" 한국교육공학회 36 (36): 645-669, 2020

30 Bae, S. H., "Corona 19's impact on Korean universities and futureTasks" 2020

31 Zimmerman, B. J., "Becoming a self-regulated writer : A social cognitive perspective" 22 : 73-101, 1997

32 Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy, "2019 Survey of Korean e-Learning industry" 2020