This study noted the effects of discourse, and analyzed changes in the policy on the real estate holding tax. Political elites can gain public support by strategically using discourse to promote a policy they support. The public do not know detailed c...
This study noted the effects of discourse, and analyzed changes in the policy on the real estate holding tax. Political elites can gain public support by strategically using discourse to promote a policy they support. The public do not know detailed contents and effects of the policy and therefore discourse provided by political elites affect when people identify and constitute their interests. In particular, discourse of political elites is in a competition form as a policy is not determined by a unitary actor in a democratic system. In case of the real estate holding tax, there were two competing discourses, the Roh Moo-Hyun Government and conservative presses. Each side expressed their discourse with different viewpoints and logical structures regarding the real estate holding tax and thereby affecting the public's perception.
First of all, the Roh Moo-Hyun Government prescribed the stabilization of real estate prices as the urgent issue to be addressed and pointed out speculation in real estate as the reason for unstable real estate prices, and therefore supported the introduction of "real estate holding tax." Such movement was to address the public's fear of increased real estate prices, and the Government could gain strong support from people by suggesting the policy on real estate holding tax, which is the combination of anti-speculation and intensified real estate holding tax policies.
On the other hand, conservative presses argued that tax burden due to the real estate holding tax would deteriorate the economy and 98% of the people who are not liable to pay the tax are also the victims. Contrary to the Roh Moo-Hyun Government's discourse where speculation in real estate was connected to the real estate holding tax, conservative presses connected the real estate holding tax and deterioration of the economy and newly prescribed the majority of the people's interests on the real estate holding tax. This shows that the real estate holding tax was no longer an effective anti-speculation policy and that it was evaluated on the basis of different criterion. The criterion was the tax burden of the real estate holding tax itself, and the public at that time who were already facing economic difficulties supported discourse of conservative presses. In 2007, the presidential candidates have sensed such public sentiment and advocated the relaxation and reduction of real estate holding tax.
This study does not argue that only the discourse had influence on political changes. Discourse is the interpretation of reality and accordingly, discourse which presents a prescription that is easy, simple, viable and meets material reality based on a clear logic is likely to succeed. Therefore, this study broadly classified the real estate holding tax into three periods according to the support of people, and analyzed how a discourse could play a role of dominant discourse in each period.