The cultural dimension of international business

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• Preface = ⅸ
• 1 Cultural Anthropology and International Business = 1
• The Anthropological Perspective = 2
• Cultural Anthropology and Business = 6
• Culture and International Business = 7
• The Need for Greater Awareness of the Cultural Environment = 9
• International Competency ― A National Problem = 13
• 2 Culture and International Business: A Conceptual Approach = 16
• Culture Defined = 16
• Culture Is Learned = 18
• Culture Influences Biological Processes = 20
• Cultural Universals = 23
• Economic Systems = 24
• Marriage and Family Systems = 25
• Educational Systems = 25
• Social Control Systems = 25
• Supernatural Belief Systems = 25
• Culture Change = 26
• Ethnocentrism = 31
• Cultures Are Integrated Wholes = 34
• The Concept of Culture: Model or Reality? = 38
• Cross-Cultural Scenarios = 39
• 3 Communicating Across Cultures: Language = 41
• The Need for Linguistic Proficiency in International Business = 41
• Linguistic Diversity = 45
• Language and Culture = 47
• The Influence of Culture on Language = 47
• The Influence of Language on Culture = 49
• Explicit versus Implicit Communication = 50
• Language and Social Context = 54
• Some Additional Complicating Factors: Slang, Euphemisms, Proverbs, and Verbal Dueling = 57
• Slang = 57
• Euphemisms = 58
• Proverbs = 58
• Verbal Dueling = 59
• Conclusion = 60
• Cross-Cullural Scenarios = 61
• 4 Communicating Across Cultures: The Nonverbal Dimension = 63
• The Nature of Nonverbal Communication = 63
• Body Posture = 66
• Hand Gestures = 69
• Facial Expressions = 72
• Gaze = 74
• Proxemics = 76
• Bodily Contact (Touching) = 79
• Conclusion = 82
• Cross-Cultural Scenarios = 84
• 5 Contrasting Cultural Values = 86
• Individualism versus Collectivism = 88
• The Temporal Dimension = 91
• Work and Achievement = 95
• Relationship to Nature = 97
• Youth Orientation = 99
• Informality = 101
• Competition = 103
• Relative Status of Women = 106
• Conclusion = 108
• Cross-Cultural Scenarios = 109
• 6 Locating Relevant Cultural Information = 112
• The Traditional Anthropological Approach = 112
• HRAF: An Underutilized Cultural Data Bank = 114
• Nonanthropological Sources Useful in Developing a Cultural Profile = 116
• Some Country-Specific Series = 117
• Basic Descriptive Profiles = 117
• General Reference Works for the Business Traveler = 118
• Sources of Country-Specific News and Current Events = 119
• Sources of Business Customs and Protocols = 120
• Human Resources for Culture-Specific Information = 121
• One's Own Company = 122
• Other Companies = 122
• Academia = 122
• International Trade Administration (ITA) = 123
• Foreign Trade Offices = 123
• Private Sector Consultants and Trainers = 124
• The Search for Cultural Information upon Arrival = 125
• In-Country Documentary Resources = 125
• In-Country Human Resources = 126
• Conclusion = 127
• Cross-Cultural Scenarios = 128
• 7 Negotiating Across Cultures = 130
• The Nature of Cross-Cultural Negotiation = 130
• Where to Negotiate = 132
• Effective Strategies for International Negotiators = 133
• Concentrate on Long-term Relationships, not Short-term Contracts = 133
• Focus on the Interests Behind the Positions = 135
• Avoid Overreliance on Cultural Generalizations = 136
• Be Sensitive to Timing = 137
• Remain Flexible = 138
• Prepare Carefully = 139
• Learn to Listen, Not Just Speak = 140
• The Use of Interpretors = 141
• The Global Negotiator = 142
• Cross Cultural Scenarios = 143
• 8 Coping with Culture Shock = 145
• The Nature of Culture Shock = 145
• Minimizing Culture Shock = 150
• Appendix = 157
• References = 164
• Photo Credits = 172
• Index = 173