Today in Korea, there has been largely residential area development in Seoul and regional metropolitan area. Since these development projects cost about 100 billions won, it is very important to find cost effective method.
Especially, the residential...
Today in Korea, there has been largely residential area development in Seoul and regional metropolitan area. Since these development projects cost about 100 billions won, it is very important to find cost effective method.
Especially, the residential concern has been growing and this is having ripple effect. It is also important to seek a cost effective optimizing methodology.
Road facilitates are not just spaces to pass for the vehicle, but the main infrastructure to form a urban structure in residential area development. Too little roadway supply is to be a problem about transportation, too much supply is undesirable in a cost-benefit aspect. Thus, it is necessary to supply roadways. Although they have used the 'ratio of roadway' and the 'roadway index considering the land-use and the roadway scale', they have a limit to find out the level of roadway supply.
Since 21 century, the outside circumstances have been considered as important factor to be the environmental sound and sustainable development (ESSD), which represents in transportation part, it seems to be a sidewalk. The public institution and the private company supplied numerous sidewalks. In spite of these efforts, these makes a disutility about housing development, because of undesirable planning criterion which makes inefficient and unsafe roadway.
This study have two objectives. 1st, this study will present desirable method which estimates a level of supply using existing 28 residential areas objectively and reasonably. And 2nd, this study will suggest the proper scales of sidewalk by finding the cause of walking circumstance.
In order to estimate the level of roadway supply, Performance Index A(PIA) and Performance Index B(PIB)are calculated by recalculating weight of existing roadway supply index. PIA is related to land-use and breadth of roadway, and PIB is related to accommodate populations and urbanized area.
And then it is carried out hypothesis testing to know whether this roadway supply index is to be a criterion of supply using 'average travel speed' and 'RMSE'. Also, PIA and PIB are applied to residential area development. As a result, if there are less than 30,000 people, traffic pattern is similar to 'PIA’. Otherwise, if there are more than 30,000 people, it is similar to 'PIB'.
Also, we divide roadways into a broad way, middle way and narrow way according to its breadth, calculate average travel speed of each roadways, and compute optimal ratio of roadway for residential area development.
To develop evaluation techniques for sidewalk supply level, we introduce a concept of Space Syntax. The process to develop evaluation index of sidewalk supply level is as follows.
First, we compute correlation between observed value of walking volume and calculated value through space syntax analysis on the subject of 8 residential area development which are completed resident settlement. As a result, Local Integration relates to amount of walking strongly. Therefore, we establish methodology for prediction of walking volume using local integration, productive population and residential area development.
Second, we define sidewalk supply index as the ratio of real sidewalk supply level to ideal sidewalk supply level considering walking volume. And then we compute occupied space for walking to calculate ideal sidewalk supply level.
Third, we convert an estimated volume of walking to volume of walking per minute and establish sidewalk supply index for computing occupied space for walking.
The result of application of sidewalk supply index shows values from 0.04(Majeon, Incheon) to 1.22(Sangdong, Busan) and the case of the value is smaller than 1, the real sidewalk supply level is lower than ideal sidewalk supply level, so it is difficult to manage walking demand and causes inconvenience to pedestrian in correspond to walking network.
If the value is larger than 1, it means an excessive supply of sidewalk compare to ideal sidewalk supply level. This is caused by site design with the instinct of a planner or car oriented road design, and it raises inefficiency on aspect of benefit-cost.
To evaluate the roadway and sidewalk supply index with user's point of view, we carry out survey analysis on level of residential satisfaction. It performs on the subject of 8 residential area development which are conducted for resident settlement and convert level of residential satisfaction to grade which is from 1 to 5 point using likert scale.
As a result of survey, the values are from 2.58(Dongcheon, Yongin) to 3.70(Majeon, Incheon), and in the case of sidewalk, the values are from 2.85(Majeon, Incheon) to 3.60(Sangdong, Busan). Also we compare quantitative index from supply level evaluation and qualitative index from results of survey to related studies of foreign countries. we can find similarities between these studies but there are dissimilarities caused by management of roadway or facilities for pedestrians.
Through roadway and sidewalk supply index established in this study, we can predict the level of service by evaluating road way and sidewalk supply level in a developmental stage of residential area development. Also we can determine optimal supply level of urban facilities for resident's satisfaction and optimize benefit-cost ratios efficiently. This study is needed to develop a design method of walking networks by analyzing walking corridor from microscopic point of view.