청소년들의 골격성숙도, 신체구성과 건강관련 체력의 변화 = Tracking of Skeletal Maturity, Body Composition, and Health-Related Fitness during Adolescence

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of the study was to investigate changes of skeletal maturity, body composition, health- related fitness during adolescence over a three-year period of follow-up. One hundred eight adolescents (48 boys and 60 girls aged 12 and 13 years) participated in this study. Skeletal maturity was assessed, and then bone age was calculated. Body composition and bone mineral density were measured by DXA. Health-related fitness were measured. Results of the study showed that body heigh, and body weight were increased significantly in both sexes during the study. Although advanced- and late skeletal maturer were 32% and 18% in 2007, it was decreased with age. Intermediate maturer increased from 50.4% in 2007 to 82.4% in 2009. Percent body fat was decreased significantly (p<.01) in male adolescents at 12 years with age. However, it was increased (p<.01) significantly in female adolescents. Whole body bone mineral density (p<.01) and lumbar bone mineral density (p<.01) increased significantly in both groups. Health-related fitness improved significantly for grip strength, bent arm hand and endurance run but no changes were found in sit and reach, and sit-ups in male adolescents with age. In girls, signicifant improvement were found for grip strength and sit and reach. In conclusion, this study suggest that body size, lean tissue and bone mineral density increased with age and high tracking coefficients were found for bone mineral density and health-related fitness.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Cheng, S., "Trait-specific tracking and determinants of body composition: a 7-year follow-up study of pubertal growth in girls" 7 : 1-12, 2009

2 Foley, S., "Tracking of bone mass from childhood to adolescence and factors that predict deviation from tracking" 44 (44): 752-757, 2008

3 Kalkwarf, H. J., "Tracking of bone mass and density during childhood and adolescence" 95 : 1690-1698, 2010

4 Twisk, J. W. R., "Tracking of activity and fitness and the relationship with cardiovascular disease risk factors" 32 : 1455-1461, 2000

5 McMillan, C. S., "Tracking adiposity and health-related physical fitness test performances from early childhood through elementary school" 22 : 231-244, 2010

6 Apter, D., "The role of leptin in female adolescence" 997 : 64-76, 2003

7 Hawley, N. L., "Secular trends in skeletal maturity in South Africa: 1962-2001" 36 (36): 584-594, 2009

8 Kautianen, S., "Secular trends in overweight and obesity among Finnish adolescents in 1977-1999" 26 : 544-552, 2002

9 Marques-Vidal, P., "Secular trends in height and weight among children and adolescents of the Seychelles, 1956-2006" 19 (19): 166-, 2008

10 Westerstahl, M., "Secular trends in body dimensions and physical fitness among adolescents in Sweden from 1974 to 1995" 13 (13): 128-137, 2003

11 Matton, L., "Secular trends in anthropometric characteristics, physical fitness, physical activity, and biological maturation in Flemish adolescents between 1969 and 2005" 19 : 345-357, 2007

12 Freedman, D., "Relation of age at menarche to race, time period, and anthropometric dimensions: the Bogalusa Heart Study" 11 : e43-, 2002

13 Ashizawa, K., "RUS skeletal maturity of children in Beijing" 32 (32): 316-325, 2005

14 Tryggestad, J. B., "Obese children have higher arterial elasticity without a difference in endothelial function: The role of body composition" Obesity advance online publication 2011

15 Van Biervliet, S., "Nutritional intake evolution in adolescent sporting boys over the last two decades" 66 (66): 280-282, 2011

16 Monyeki, M. A., "Longitudinal relationships between nutritional status, body composition, and physical fitness in rural children of South Africa: The Ellisras longitudinal study" 19 (19): 551-558, 2007

17 Duvigneaud, N., "Leisuretime physical activity levels among Canadian adolescents, 1984-1998" 1 : 154-162, 2004

18 Marfell-Jones, M., "International standards for anthropometric assessment" ISAK 2006

19 Beunen, G. P., "Indicators of biological maturation and secular changes in biological maturation" 27 (27): S244-S256, 2006

20 Flynn, J. T., "Hypertension, growth, and skeletal maturation in the young: A new look at an old idea" 54 (54): 1204-1205, 2009

21 Ekblom, O., "Health-related fitness in Swedish adolescents between 1987 and 2001" 93 (93): 681-686, 2004

22 Malina, R. M., "Growth, Maturation and Physical Activity" Human kinetic 2004

23 Völgyi, E., "Effect of long-term leisure time physical activity on lean mass and fat mass in girls during adolescence" 110 (110): 1211-1218, 2011

24 Craig, C., "Data analysis of fitness and performance capacity: Results from the 1981 Canada Fitness Survey and the 1988 Campbell survey on well-being in Canada" Canadian Fitness and Lifestyle Research Institute 2004

25 Ostojic, S. M., "Correlation between fitness and fatness in 6-14 year Old Serbian school children" 29 (29): 53-60, 2011

26 Moliner-Urdiales, D., "Association of objectively assessed physical activity with total and central body fat in Spanish adolescents: The HELENA Study" 33 (33): 1126-1135, 2009

27 Tanner, J. M., "Assessment of skeletal maturity and prediction of adult height(TW3 Method)(3rd ed.)" WB Saunders 2001

28 Kemper, H. C. G., "Amsterdam growth and health longitudinal study: A 23 year follow up from teenager to adult about lifestyle and health" Karger press 2004

29 Pludowski, P., "Accelerated skeletal maturation in children with primary hypertension" 54 : 1234-1239, 2009

30 문화체육관광부, "2007체육백서" 문화체육관광부 2007

31 송종국, "1998년과 2007년 사이 12∼13세 남녀 청소년의 체격, 골격성숙도, 체력 비교" 한국사회체육학회 34 (34): 1135-1146, 2008