Despite the availability of effective vaccines, the global mortality rate associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains elevated. Complete eradication of covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), which serves as a viral minichromosome, is c...
Despite the availability of effective vaccines, the global mortality rate associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains elevated. Complete eradication of covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), which serves as a viral minichromosome, is currently unattainable. Consequently, ongoing research is necessary to develop therapies that specifically target cccDNA.
The heat shock factor (HSF) family responds to diverse cellular stresses, and some members exhibit organ-specific expression patterns. HSFs participate in multiple signaling pathways, such as protein homeostasis, organ development, and spermatogenesis. HSF1, a well-characterized member of this family, has been shown to promote HBV replication.
Overexpression of HSFX1 decreased HBV DNA, secretory proteins, and HBV RNA levels, without altering cccDNA levels. To investigate the mechanism underlying HSFX1-mediated reduction in HBV RNA, the effect on viral RNA stability was assessed, but no significant difference was observed. A luciferase assay using constructs containing HBV enhancers and promoters demonstrated that their activity decreased in a dose-dependent manner with HSFX1 expression.
Multiple host transcription factors, such as HNF4α, HNF3β, and HNF1α, are involved in HBV transcription. However, the data indicate that HSFX1 does not regulate these three transcription factors. Therefore, HSFX1 may reduce HBV replication by modulating other transcription factors rather than those primarily responsible for HBV transcription.
These findings represent an important initial step toward elucidating the liver-specific functions of HSFX1. Furthermore, this research advances understanding of the relationship between HBV and the heat shock transcription factor family, including HSFX1. Further studies are necessary to clarify the mechanisms by which HSFX1 inhibits HBV replication.