역지식이전(Reverse Knowledge Transfer)에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관한 연구 = 해외자회사 관점에서

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The strategic role of foreign subsidiary in MNC is very important in these days. In this context, a key managerial problem pertains to identifying effective knowledge flows from the subsidiary to the parent company; i.e. reverse knowledge transfer(RKT). RKT may enhance the competitive advantage of MNC as local knowledge created at subsidiary level can strengthen the parent company`s ability to define and influence global strategies accordingly as well as improve processes and performance. Acknowledgement of the importance of RKT for a MNC has resulted in some valuable research trying to understand this phenomenon. However, since these contributions investigate RKT, there remains uncertainty as to determinants of RKT. In this study, we investigate the factors that may influence RKT from the foreign subsidiary perspective. Therefore, we suggest three level factors as determinants of RKT; (1) subsidiary level factors(marketing knowledge creation, knowledge transfer willingness), (2) MNC parent company level factors(absorptive capacity, learning willingness) and (3) relationship level factors between parent company and subsidiary(formalization integration mechanisms, socialization mechanisms, social capital, knowledge relevance). After the review of exant studies, we design a research model and propose hypotheses. Based on the collected 253 foreign subsidiaries` data in Korea, the proposed model is testified with the SPSS 15.0 is supported. The analysis indicates that subsidiary level factors, MNC parent company level factors, and socialization mechanisms, social capital, knowledge relevance of relationship between parent company and subsidiary level factors can positively influence on RKT. However, among relationship between parent company and subsidiary level factors, formalization integration mechanisms has no effect on RKT. The result discuss the implication to motivate RKT in the context of MNC global competitiveness.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 최순권, "해외파견자 특성이 본사와 해외자회사 간 지식이전에미치는 영향에 관한 연구" 한국국제경영관리학회 11 (11): 211-234, 2007

2 김경, "한국 모기업의 해외자회사에 대한 지식이전 결정요인 분석: 지식특성과 조직특성을 중심으로" 한국국제경영관리학회 10 (10): 243-268, 2006

3 최순규, "한국 다국적기업의 모회사 노하우 해외이전에 대한 탐색적 연구- 조직적 결정요인들을 중심으로 -" 한국국제경영학회 14 (14): 1-25, 2003

4 이장로, "중국시장에 진출한 한국 다국적기업의 마케팅 지식이전 결정요인에 관한 실증연구" 한국국제경영학회 17 (17): 25-58, 2006

5 최순권, "전략적 제휴 기업 내 지식이전에 관한 연구: 지식전환(Knowledge Translation)적 접근" 한국국제경영학회 15 (15): 1-30, 2004

6 홍덕표, "본-자회사 간 혁신노하우의 국제적 이전을 결정하는 요인에 관한 연구" 한국경영학회 35 (35): 645-670, 2006

7 박용석, "국제합작투자사업자 간의 동질성이 현지파트너의지식습득에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구" 한국경영학회 34 (34): 915-937, 2005

8 박현희, "국제합작기업의 지식습득: 마케팅 관리적 지식 및 현지 시장 정보 습득에 영향을 미치는 결정요인에 대한 비교분석" 한국국제경영관리학회 16 (16): 25-50, 2012

9 Davenport, T. H., "Working Knowledge Managing What Your Organization Knows" Harvard Business School Press 1998

10 Li, L., "What difference does the location make? : A social capital; perspective on transfer of knowledge from multinational corporation subsidiaries located in China and Finland" 13 (13): 233-249, 2007

11 Kostova, T., "Transnational transfer of strategic organizational practices : A contextual perspective" 24 (24): 308-324, 1999

12 Foss, N. J., "Transferring knowledge in MNCs : The role of sources of subsidiary knowledge and organizational context" 8 (8): 49-67, 2002

13 Grant, R. M., "Toward a knowledge based theory of the firm" 17 (17): 109-122, 1996

14 Schultz, M., "The uncertain relevance of newness : Organizational learning and knowledge flows" 44 (44): 661-681, 2001

15 Andersson, U., "The strategic impact of external networks : Subsidiary performance and competence development in the multinational corporation" 17 (17): 976-996, 2002

16 Lane, P. J., "The reification of absorptive capacity : A critical review and rejuvenation of the construct" 31 (31): 833-863, 2006

17 Tsai, M. T., "The impact of marketing knowledge among managers on marketing capabilities and business performance" 21 (21): 524-530, 2004

18 Ambos, T. C., "The impact of distance on knowledge transfer effectiveness in multinational corporations" 15 (15): 1-14, 2009

19 Li, L., "The effect of trust and shared vision on inward knowledge transfer in subsidiaries'intra-and inter-organizational relationships" 14 : 77-95, 2005

20 Narver, J. C., "The effect of a market orientation on business profitability" 54 (54): 20-35, 1990

21 Adenfelt, M., "The development and sharing of knowledge by centres of excellence and transnational teams : A conceptual framework" 48 (48): 319-338, 2008

22 Prahalad, K., "The core competence of the corporation" 90 (90): 79-91, 1994

23 Singley, M. K., "The Transfer of Cognitive Skill" Harvard University Press 1989

24 Badaracco, J. L. Jr., "The Knowledge Link:How Firms Compete Through Strategic Alliances" Harvard Business School Press 1991

25 Nonaka, I., "The Knowledge Creating Company" Oxford University Press 1995

26 Dodgeson, M., "Technological Collaboration" dward Elgar 54-75, 1996

27 Roth, M. S., "Subsidiary use of foreign marketing knowledge" 17 (17): 1-29, 2009

28 Rugman, A. M., "Subsidiary specific advantages" 22 (22): 237-250, 2001

29 Rabbiosi, L., "Subsidiary roles and reverse knowledge transfer : An investigation of the effects of coordination mechanisms" 17 (17): 97-113, 2011

30 Almeida, P., "Subsidiaries and knowledge creation : The influence of the MNC and host country on innovation" 25 (25): 847-864, 2004

31 Teece, D. J., "Strategies for managing knowledge assets : The role of the firm structure and industrial context" 33 (33): 35-54, 2000

32 Mowery, D. C., "Strategic alliances and interfirm knowledge transfer" 17 : 77-91, 1996

33 Ellis, P., "Social ties and foreign market entry" 31 (31): 443-469, 2000

34 Inkpen, A. C., "Social capital, networks, and knowledge transfer" 30 (30): 146-165, 2005

35 Yi-Renko, H., "Social capital, knowledge acquisition, and knowledge exploitation in young technologybased firms" 22 : 587-613, 2001

36 Kostova, T., "Social capital in multinational corporations and a micromacro model of its formation" 28 (28): 297-317, 2003

37 Alavi, M., "Review : Knowledge management and knowledge management system : Conceptural foundation and research issue" 25 (25): 107-136, 2001

38 Holak, S. L., "Purchase intentions and the dimensions of innovations : An exploratory model" 7 (7): 59-73, 1990

39 Yan, Y., "Performance of high-tech firm's resource and capabilitybased development : Knowledge acquisition, organizational utilization and management involvement" 11 (11): 45-68, 2003

40 Schultz, M., "Pathways of relevance : Exploring inflows of knowledge into subunits of multinational corporations" 14 (14): 440-459, 2003

41 Lord, D. M., "Organizational learning about new international markets : Exploring the internal transfer of local market knowledge" 31 (31): 573-589, 2000

42 Hakanson, L., "Organizational characteristics and reverse knowledge transfer" 40 : 29-48, 2001

43 Hair, J. F., "Multivariate Data Analysis" Prentice-Hall 654-667, 1998

44 Kohli, A. K., "Market orientation : The construct, research propositions, and managerial implications" 54 (54): 1-18, 1990

45 De Luca, L. M., "Market knowledge dimensions and crossfunctional collaboration : Examining the different routes to product innovation performance" 71 (71): 95-112, 2007

46 Dhanaraj, C. L., "Managing tacit and explicit knowledge transfer in IJVs : The role of relational embeddedness and the impact on performance" 35 (35): 428-442, 2004

47 Bjorkman, I., "Managing knowledge transfer in MNCs : The impact of headquarters control mechanisms" 35 (35): 443-455, 2004

48 Minbaeva, D. T. P., "MNC knowledge transfer, subsidiary absorptive capacity and HRM" 34 (34): 586-599, 2003

49 Lin, X., "Local partner acquisition of managerial knowledge in international joint ventures : Focusing on foreign management control" 45 (45): 219-237, 2005

50 Inkpen, A. C., "Learning through joint venture : A framework of knowledge acquisition" 37 (37): 1019-1043, 2000

51 Ambos, T. C., "Learning from foreign subsidiaries : An empirical investigation of headquarters'benefits from reverse knowledge transfers" 15 (15): 294-312, 2006

52 Kale, P., "Learning and protection of proprietary assets in strategic alliances : Building relational capital" 21 : 217-237, 2000

53 Wang, Y., "Knowledge transfer, knowledge replication, and learning in non-equity alliances : Operating contractural joint venturing in China" 45 (45): 97-118, 2005

54 Tsai, W., "Knowledge transfer intraorganizational networks : Effects of network position and absorptive capacity on business unit innovation and performance" 44 (44): 996-1004, 2001

55 Minbaeva, D. T., "Knowledge transfer in multinational corporations" 47 (47): 567-593, 2007

56 Bresman, H., "Knowledge transfer in international acquisition" 30 (30): 439-462, 1999

57 Lahti, R. K., "Knowledge transfer and management consulting : A look at the firm" 43 (43): 112-132, 2000

58 Feinberg, S. E., "Knowledge spilloves and the assignment of R&D responsibilities to foreign subsidiaries" 25 : 823-845, 2004

59 Mudambi, R., "Knowledge management in multinational firms" 8 : 1-9, 2002

60 Gupta, A. K., "Knowledge flow within multinational corporations" 21 (21): 473-496, 2000

61 Sumelius, J., "Knowledge development in MNC subsidiaries : The influence of MNC internal and external knowledge and control mechanisms" 50 (50): 245-258, 2008

62 Inkpen, A. C., "Knowledge bargaining power, and the instability of international joint ventures" 22 (22): 177-202, 1997

63 Zander, U., "Knowledge and the speed of the transfer and imitation of organizational capabilities : An empirical test" 6 (6): 76-92, 1995

64 Mudambi, R., "Is knowledge power? Knowledge flows, subsidiary power and rent-seeking within MNCs" 35 (35): 385-406, 2004

65 Czinkota, M. R., "International Business" Dryden Press 1999

66 Lee, R. P., "In search of platforms to increase market responsiveness : Evidence from foreign subsidiaries" 17 (17): 59-73, 2009

67 O' Dell, C., "If only we knew what we knew : Identification and transfer of internal best practice" 40 (40): 154-174, 1998

68 Piscitello, L., "How does knowledge transfer from foreign subsidiaries affect parent companies' innovative capacity?" 6 (6): 1-29, 2006

69 Mudambi, R., "Global innovation in MNCs : The effects of subsidiary self determination and teamwork" 24 (24): 442-455, 2007

70 Szulanski, G., "Exploring internal stickness : Impediments to the transfer of Best Practice within the firm" 17 : 27-44, 1996

71 Subramaniam, M., "Determinants of transnational new product development capability : Testing the influence of transferring and deploying tacit overseas knowledge" 32 (32): 359-378, 2001

72 Hitt, M., "Corporate distinctive competence, strategy, industry and performance" 6 (6): 273-293, 1985

73 Lyles, M. A., "Cooperative strategies: 2, European perspectives" The New Lexington Press 325-355, 1997

74 Choi, C. J., "Cooperative Strategies, European perspectives" The New Lexington Press 1997

75 Yang, Q., "Conventional and reverse knowledge flows in multinational corporation" 34 (34): 882-902, 2008

76 Goodman, P. S., "Computeraided system & communities : Mechanisms for organizational learning in distributed environment" 22 (22): 418-440, 1998

77 Singh, J., "Collaborative networks as determinants of knowledge diffusion patterns" 51 : 756-770, 2005

78 Zhou, C., "Cetrifugal forces, R&D co-practice, and ‘Reverse Knowledge Flows’ in multinational firms" 2003

79 Frost, T. S., "Centers of excellence in multinational corporations" 23 (23): 997-1018, 2002

80 Vorhies, D. W., "Benchmarking marketing capabilities for sustainable competitive advantage" 69 (69): 80-94, 2005

81 Simonin, B. L., "An empirical investigation of the process of knowledge transfer in international strategic alliances" 35 (35): 407-427, 2004

82 Simonin, B. L., "Ambiguity and the process of knowledge transfer in strategic alliances" 20 (20): 595-623, 1999

83 Park, B. I., "Acquisition of marketing knowledge in small and medium-sized IJVs" 47 (47): 1340-1356, 2009

84 Hau, L. N., "Acquiring tacit and explicit marketing knowledge from foreign partners in IJVs" 60 (60): 1152-1165, 2007

85 Lane, P. J., "Absorptive capacity, learning and performance in international joint venture" 22 (22): 1139-1161, 2001

86 Zahra, S. A., "Absorptive capacity : A review, reconceptualization, and extension" 27 : 185-203, 2002

87 Cohen, W., "Absorptive capacity : A new perspective on learning and innovation" 35 (35): 128-152, 1990

88 Hedlund, G., "A model of knowledge management the N-form corporation" 15 (15): 73-90, 1994

89 Verskasalo, M., "A method of measuring the efficiency of the knowledge utilization process" 45 (45): 423-445, 1998

90 Pak, Y. S., "A framework of knowledge transfer in cross-border joint ventures : An empirical test of the Korean context" 44 (44): 417-434, 2004

91 Murray, J. Y., "A crossteam framework of international knowledge acquisition on new product development capabilities and new product market performance" 13 (13): 25-54, 2005