버려진 아이들의 귀환: 입양인 서사와 박정희 체제 = The Return of Abandoned Children: Park Jeong Hee Regime and the Korean Adoptee Narratives

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper aims to reveal the bio-political character of the modern Korean development state system by analyzing transnational and transracial adoptions conducted in the period of 1961 to 1971. Transnational adoption began in Korea as a first-aid remedy for the plight of war orphans after the Korean War(1950-53), but it is through the legislation of the Special Law on Adoption in 1961 when Korea established an unusually efficient modern adoption system. Park Jeong Hee regime attempted to achieve economic development and resolve the problem of labor reproduction by controlling female sexuality and sending children unfit for normal family to foreign countries. Family planning and international migration were the two measures for resolving overpopulation in the transition of modern development state, and transnational adoption was an institutional resolution combining them. Transnational adoption was a modern biopolitical apparatus that cleansed the dirty out of Korean national border through social engineering and eugenics. Adoptee children sent to Western counties, especially to America served as a social remedy for falling fertility rate and family crisis in those countries. The adult Korean adoptees sent to foreign countries have recently come back to Korea, demanding the truth and reconciliation for the historical crime conducted to them. In the latter part of this essay, I examine the work of truth and reconciliation performed by Korean adoptees on the private and public levels.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 이명호, 문학동네 2011

2 토비아스 휘비네트, "해외입양과 한국민족주의" 2008

3 이영훈, "한국현대사의 재인식 1,2" 책세상 2006

4 제인 정 트렌카, "피의 언어" 도마뱀출판사 2012

5 김영미, "초국가적 입양소설에 나타난 동화와 민족 정체성 문제: 마리 명옥 리의『누군가의 딸』과 제인 정 트렌카의『피의 언어』를 중심으로" 미국소설학회 15 (15): 27-52, 2008

6 김영미, "입양과 입양문학 연구의 몇가지 경향" 영미문학연구회 (26) : 356-372, 2009

7 제인 정 트렌카, "인종간 입양의 사회학" 뿌리의집 2012

8 김은실, "여성의 몸, 몸의 문화정치학" 또하나의문화 2001

9 이명호, "번역, 이산 여성주체의 이언어적 받아쓰기—테레사 학경 차의『딕테』" 미국소설학회 17 (17): 91-113, 2010

10 김원, "박정희 시대의 유령들: 기억, 사건 그리고 정치 현실문화" 현실문화연구 2011

11 이명호, "문화번역이라는 문제설정: 비교문화에서 문화번역으로" 민음사 (가을) : 2011

12 조희연, "동원된 근대화" 후마니타스 2010

13 제인 정 트렌카, "덧없는 환영" 창비 2012

14 임지현, "대중독재: 강제와 동의 사이에서" 책세상 2004

15 김호수, "깜박이는 모성: 한국인 생모들의 인터넷 커뮤니티" 여성문화이론연구소 (19) : 2008

16 Robert F. Spencer, "Yogong: Factory Girl, Royal Asiatic Society" Korean Branch 1988

17 Eleana Kim, "Wedding Citizen and Culture: Korean Adoptees and the Global Family of Korea" 21 (21): 2003

18 Drucilla Cornell, "Transnational Adoption: The Ethics and Politics of New Family Stores, In Traumatizing Theory: The Cultural Politics" Other Press 2007

19 David Eng, "Transnational Adoption and Queer Diaspora" 21 (21): 2003

20 Homi Bhabha, "The Location of Culture" Routledge 1994

21 Min Eun Kyung, "The Daughter’s Exchange in Jane Jeong Trenka’s The Language of Blood" 26 (26): 2008

22 Julia Kristeva, "Power of Horror: An Essay on Abjection" Columbia UP 1982

23 Laura Briggs, "Mother, Child, Race, Nation: The Visual Iconography of Rescue and the Politics of Transnational and Transracial Adoption" 15 (15):

24 Claudia Castaneda, "Incorporating the Transnational Adoptee, In Imagining Adoption: Essays on Literature and Culture" U of Michigan Press 2004

25 Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, "Can the Subaltern Speak?, In Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture" University of Illinois 1988

26 Susan Bordo, "All of Us Are Real: Old Images in a New World of Adoption" 21 (21): 2002

27 천정환, "1960년을 묻다" 천년의 상상 2012