This study applied the Q methodology to identify the subjectivity of climacteric experience among middle-aged women and to explain the characteristics of each identified type.
For the research methodology, 289 statements related to climacteric in midd...
This study applied the Q methodology to identify the subjectivity of climacteric experience among middle-aged women and to explain the characteristics of each identified type.
For the research methodology, 289 statements related to climacteric in middle-aged women were collected from literature reviews, previous studies, in-depth interviews, and open-ended questionnaires. These statements were then categorized into three groups, from which representative statements were selected and refined, resulting in a final Q sample of 43 statements. The P sample included 40 middle-aged women who had experienced climacteric. These participants were required to sort 43 statements on a Q distribution grid (forced distribution) and their opinions on the statements placed at the extremes were gathered. The main factors were analyzed using the PC-QUANL program.
The study results categorized the climacteric experience of middle-aged women into three types. The explanatory power of each type was 24.35% for Type 1, 9.98% for Type 2, and 7.16% for Type 3.
Type 1 is the "Active Coping with Change" type. Women in this category increased their physical activity through exercise and hobbies, strove to live busily and diligently, prepared for a healthy old age, and valued spending time with family. They tended to have a positive perception of climacteric and actively coped with it.
Type 2 is the "Self-Acceptance of Weakness" type. These women experienced significant physical weakness and symptoms such as hot flashes or cold hands and feet but made little effort to improve their condition. However, they tended to perceive themselves as still contributing to society.
Type 3 is the "Passive Coping with Discomfort" type. These women experienced daily inconveniences caused by mild physical symptoms such as eye discomfort and dry skin, cognitive decline, and insomnia. They focused solely on managing these discomforts and showed little inclination towards physical activities or spending time with family.
These findings can serve as foundational data for developing tailored intervention programs that address the specific characteristics of each type of climacteric experience among middle-aged women.