한말 충북지역 의병운동의 민중운동적 성격 = Social Movement Characteristics of Righteous Army Movement in Chungbuk Region at the end of the Greater Korean Empire

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Since opening a port in 1876, when Joseon society fell as semicolonial conditions in politics, society, and economy due to the distortion and the dissolution of the feudal relations, righteous army movement was people`s sovereignty protective movement which the people participated to the army with righteousness voluntarily with patriotism not waiting requisition of government. This righteous army movement was developed actively with the characteristic of social movement divided as 3 stages from 1896 to 1910 even in Chungbuk region, which can be summarized as followings: First, Confucians of Yangban led and participated to righteous army movement to practice the ideology of Reject Heterodoxy(衛正斥邪思想), but most of people joined as a method to resolve facing matters in living, anti-feudalism(反封建) and anti-imperialism(反帝國主義) with politic, economic, social crisis after 1986 as participated to Donghak Peasantry Movement(東學農民運動) rather than to practice certain ideology or to resolve political unbalance. Second, for previous righteous army, it was led by Confucians, but by advancing to north, Liaodong(遼東) abandoning their stronghold, the righteous army activity led by Confucians only to be failed. Then, righteous army led by people who were not joined to advancing north group and were decided to leave developed righteous army movement of anti-feudalism and anti-imperialism with joining of robber groups(火賊), bandits(東匪), and groups for helping others(活貧黨). Third, for righteous armies in middle period, Won Yong-Pal(元容八) and Jeong Woon-Gyeong(鄭雲慶) of Hojwa Righteous Army Camp(湖左義陣) tried a reuprising in order to led righteous army movement centering on Confucians, but this uprising was failed by prior detection, and therefore, the righteous army movement was still led by people. Fourth, however for righteous armies in latter period, during dismissed soldiers joined to righteous army and its force were reinforced, the righteous army movement led with the solidarity with Confucians and Yangban including Lee Gang-Nyeon(李康秊) of Hojwa Righteous Army Camp(湖西義陣) who rejoined to righteous army in latter period. Fifth, because righteous army movement was not led by Confucians and Yangban but by people, its base was anti-imperialism which engaging in a battle with Japanese army directly not an ideology of Reject Heterodoxy which had been a justification from the early righteous army movement, and it turned into an anti-feudalism activities which robbed properties by attacking government offices and private houses or attacked regional leading figures who had certain social and economical position in order to ensuring funds and foods for maintenance of righteous army activities. Sixth, in stratregy, because early righteous army was led by fallen farmers, guerrilla attack(遊擊戰術) was mostly made by joining with another righteous armies in Gyeonggi-do(京畿道), Gyeongsang-do(慶尙道), and Gangwon-do(江原道) centering on their strongholds, but the latter righteous army acted led by regional farmers centering on farming villiages which were their living base. Later, Japanese armies conquers severely them, and therefore they had to make a small sized guerrilla attack by moving to other places where would not make any harm or damage ot farming villages. As above, righteous army movement in Chungbuk region was started from uprising righteous army led by Confucians and Yangban, but due to their ideological and strategical limits, it was proceeded to resolve the facing matters such as anti-feudalism and anti-imperialism with peoples` way from the early to the latter period led by people who participated voluntarily or with another`s will.