아동 진술 역량의 사전 평가에 대한 고찰: 진실-거짓 구별에 대한 아동의 이해를 중심으로 = Consideration of Prior Evaluation on the Capacity of Children’s Testimony: Focused on Children’s Understanding of Truth and Lie

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

There are various assessments regarding the ways in which to evaluate children’s competency to testify before the investigative and/or forensic interview proceeds. Basic competencies of children to testify concerning the ability to perceive, remember and communicate events could be demonstrated by prompting the children’s report of a recent event. Among the basic competencies, the focus has been on children’s truth-lie competency which concerns children’s understanding of the difference between truth and lies and the recognition of the importance of telling the truth. Children’s truth-lie competency has been evaluated by procedures such as asking children whether simple statements are true or not, and by asking children to promise to tell the truth. Researchers and legal professionals in America and Britain have incessantly discussed whether child victims and witnesses are required to establish truth-lie competency before being allowed to testify. Unfortunately, there have been only a limited number of studies in Korea up to now with respect to the systematic and analytical ways of evaluating children’s competency to testify and how these competencies may associate with the actual accuracy of children’s testimony. Thus, the goals of this paper were to deliberate the difficulties children have in testifying about the truth and lies by studying psychological perspectives on the emergence of children’s understanding of truth and lie, children’s moral evaluation of truth and lies, and children’s understanding of the intentionality of lies, in particular. Ultimately, this organization of knowledge would be helpful in apprehending how children’s competency to testify in court should be evaluated and interpreted during investigative and/or forensic interviews.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

아동의 증언 능력과 관련하여 아동의 인지 및 언어적 기초 역량을 파악하기 위한 다양한 사전 평가 방법들이 제시되어 왔다. 그 중에서도 아동이 진실과 거짓을 구별할 수 있는 가를 중심으로 사전 평가의 타당성에 대한 관심이 집중되고 있다. 국외에서는 진실-거짓 구별 가능성이 아동의 증언 능력을 얼마나 정확하게 예측하는 가에 대한 학술 연구들이 이미 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 그러나 국내에서는 아직까지 관련 연구들이 거의 이루어지지 못하였으며 그 필요성에 대한 지각도 사실상 미비한 수준이다. 따라서 본 논문은 아동 진술 능력 평가의 올바른 접근을 위해 진실-거짓 구별에 대한 아동 사고의 발달, 진실-거짓 구별 능력의 구체적인 출현 시점, 도덕성 및 의도성에 대한 아동의 이해가 진실-거짓 구별에 어떤 영향을 미치는 지와 관련된 학술 연구 및 현장 자료 조사들을 고찰해 봄으로써 진실-거짓 구별 평가와 아동 진술 정확성과의 관계는 어떻게 해석되고 다루어져야 하는 가를 논의해 보고자 하였다. 선행 연구들을 개관해 본 결과 아동의 진실-거짓 구별 능력은 아동 진술의 정확성을 신뢰롭게 예측하지 못하는 것으로 보인다. 따라서 아동 수사 면담을 실시하는 전문가들은 진실-거짓 구별 평가에 해당되는 사전 질문들을 가능한 최소화하고, 질문이 이루어진다 하더라도 그 결과에 의존하여 아동의 증언 역량을 성급하게 판단해서는 안 될 것이다.

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